(Week 4) Chapter4 Motherboard and Computer Ports Flashcards
(known as the Mainboard, system board, base board, planar board or logic board, or colloquially, a mobo). It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. It contains significant sub-systems such as the central processor, the chipset’s input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other peripheral devices.
Mother Board
a specialized outlet on a pieceof equipment to which a plug or cable connects and ports serve as linkage between the computer to peripheral devices and other computers.
Computer Ports
(Known as the microprocessor or the processor) is serve as the computer’s brain and responsible for computations, fetching, decoding and executing program instructions.
The CPU
is identified by the processor type and the manufacturer. The information is from the manufacturer which is identify the processor that fits in the sockets.
Processor chip
stores dynamic data temporarily and the working place of the computer. It serves place where data and active programs occur and it loses the contents once power is turned off or shutdown.
Random Access Memory or RAM
have all the codes required for controlling the keyboard. Displaying the screen, disk drives, serial communications, and a number of miscellaneous functions. It is the link in the between the software and computer hardware.
is a ROM chip on the mother board used during the startup routine (boot process) to check out the systems and prepare to run the hardware. It is stored on a ROM chip because ROM retains information even when no power is being supplied to the computer.
Basic Input/ Output Systems (BIOS)
Motherboard also include a small separate block of memory made from these RAM chips which is kept alive by a battery even when the PC’s power is off. This prevents reconfiguration when the PC is powered on.
These devices require very little power to operate.
CMOS battery
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instances:
R_ _ s_ _ _
RAM size
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instances:
In_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about C_ _
Information about CPU
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instances:
S_ _ _ _ _ and p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ port information
Serial and parallel port information
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instances:
F_ _ _ _ _ disk and h_ _ _ disk drive types
Floppy disk and hard disk drive types
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instances:
P_ _ _ _ Sa_ _ _ _ settings
Power Saving settings
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instances:
P_ _ _ and P_ _ _ information
Plug and Play information
The CMOS RAM is used to store basic Information about the PC’s configuration for instances:
D_ _ _ and T_ _ _
Date and Time
A small block of high-speed memory that boosts the PC’s performance by pre-loading information from the (relatively slow) main memory and passing it to the processor on demand.
Cache Memory
Every CPU has a built-in cache and called as the
Level 1 or the primary cache memory
Every CPU has a built-in cache and is supplemented by an external cache memory called the
secondary cache or level 2 cache
. If there is a cache implemented outside the die, which will be called the
level 3 cache.
is an input/output pathway to the peripheral devices coming from the CPU. It is typically made up of a peripheral devices coming from the CPU and signals such as data, memory, addresses, and power and control signals are carried from component to component by the busses. Other types of busses are ISA and EISA.
The Function of expansion buses is it enhances the PC’s capabilities by slotting cards into the expansion slots, which allows the user to add missing features into computer.
Expansion Bus
is a group of tiny circuits that coordinates the data flow back and forth from a computer’s key components.
chipset
is also the one that controls data flow to and from the hard disk and the devices that are connected to the channels of IDE.
chip
controls the transfer between the RAM and the processor. Sometimes it is called as the GMCH (Graphics and Memory Control Hub)
North Bridge (memory controller)
handles the communication between slower peripheral devices. The term “bridge” is generally used for designating a component which connects two buses.
South Bridge (expansion controller)
synchronizes the operation of all parts of the PC and provides the basic timing signal for the CPU. Using a quartz crystal, it breathes life into the microprocessor by feeding it a constant flow of pulses.
CPU clock
keeps track of the time of day and makes this data available to the software.
Real time clock or System clock
interrupts the CPU at regular intervals and allows the operating system to divide its time between active users and/or applications.
Time sharing clock
are small electronic switches found on the circuit board that can be turned on or off just like a normal switch.
DIP (Dual In-Line Package) switches
are small protruding pins on the mother board. A jumper cap or bridge is used to connect or short a pair of it.
Jumper pins
