(Week 2) Chapter1 Components of Computer System Flashcards
___________ consists of hard ware and software components.
Computer System
___________is the physical equipment.
Hardware
___________instructs the computer how to operate.
Operating System (OS)
___________performs different functions or program with specific task.
Application software
True or False? Programs vary widely depending on the type of information that will be accessed or generated.
True
___________is the main printed circuit board and contains the buses, or electrical pathways, found in a computer.
These buses allow data to travel between the various components that comprise a computer
Also known as the system, the backplane, or the main board.
Motherboard
___________ executes a program, which is a sequence of stored instructions. Each model of processor has an instruction set, which it executes.
It executes the program by processing each piece of data as directed by the program and the instruction set.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Architectures use a relatively small set of instructions, and RISC chips are designed to execute these instructions very rapidly.
Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)
Architectures use a broad set of instructions, resulting in fewer steps per operation.
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC)
A technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its original specification. It is not a reliable way to improve computer performance and can result in damaging the CPU.
Overclocking
a set of multimedia instructions built into intel processors that enabled microprocessors can handle many common multimedia operations that are normally handled by a separate sound or video card.
Only software especially written to call ____ instructions can take advantage of the ____ instructions set.
MMX
One core inside a single CPU chip that handles all of the processing capability. A motherboard manufacturer may provide to build a powerful, multi-processor computer.
Single Core CPU
Two cores inside a single CPU chip in which both cores can process information at the same time.
Dual Core CPU
It is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU.
Random-Access Memory (RAM)
Is a memory chip that is used as main memory. Must be constantly refreshed with pulses of electricity in order to maintain the data stored within a chip.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
Is a memory chip that is used as cache memory. Is much faster than DRAM and does not have to be refreshed as often.
Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
Is memory that supports paging. Paging enables faster access to the data than regular DRAM. Most 486 and Pentium systems from 1995 and earlier use this.
Fast Page Mode DRAM (FPM Memory)
Is memory that overlaps consecutive data accesses. This speed up the access time to retrieve data from memory, because the CPU does not have to wait from one data access cycle to end before another data access cycle begins.
Extended Data Output RAM (EDO Memory)
Is DRAM that operates in synchronization with the memory bus. The memory bus is the data path between the CPU and the main memory.
Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
Is faster than DDR SDRAM memory. Improves performance over DDR SDRAM by decreasing noise and crosstalk between the signal wires.
Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM (DDR2 SDRAM)
Is a memory chip that was developed to communicate at very high rates of speed and are not commonly used.
Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)
Is the piece of hardware that’s used to convert the power provided from the outlet into usable power for the many parts inside the computer case
Power Supply
Is a piece of computer hardware that’s numerous contacts on the bottom of the card and one or more ports on the side for connection to video displays and other devices.
Video Card
Is a storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch floppy disk.
floppy drive or floppy disk drive
Is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer.
hard drive or hard disk drive
Is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There are two types of it which can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or re-recordable (read and write multiple times).
optical drive
CD read only memory media that is pre-recorded.
CD-ROM
CD-recordable media that can be recorded once.
CD-R
CD-rewritable media that can be recorded, erased, and recorded
CD-RW
DVD read-only memory media that is pre-recorded
DVD-ROM
DVD-random access memory media that can be recorded, erased, and re-recorded.
DVD-RAM
DVD-recordable media that can be recorded once.
DVD+/-R
DVD-rewritable media that can be recorded, erased, and re-recorded.
DVD+/-RW
Also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port. It uses a special type of memory that requires no power to maintain the data.
Flash drive
Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with ________ interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the motherboard.
Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the motherboard.
Also called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives. It uses a 40_pin connector.
Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)
Also called ATA-2, is an updated version of the IDE drive controller interface. It supports hard drive larger than 512MB, enables Direct Memory Access (DMA) for speed, and uses the AT Attachment Packet interface (ATAPI) to accommodate optical drives and tape drives on the EIDE bus. It uses a 40-pin connector.
Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics(EIDE)
Refers to the parallel version of the ATA drive controller interface.
Parallel ATA (PATA)
Refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. It uses a 7-pin connector.
Serial ATA (SATA)
Is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives. It connects both internal and external drives. It uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
It can be either a DB-9 or a DB-25 male connector. It transmits one bit of data at a time.
Serial Ports and Cables
Is a standard interface that connects peripheral devices to a computer
USB Ports and Cables
Is a high-speed, hot-swappable interface that connects peripheral devices to a computer.
FireWire Ports and Cables
Is a standard Type A DB-25 female connector. On printers, it may use a Type C high-density 36-pin connector.
Parallel Ports and Cables
It can transmit data at rates in excess of 320Mbps and can support up to 15 devices. A single device of it is connected to its port, the cable can be up to 80 feet (24.4m) in length.
- DB-25-female connector,High-density-50-pin female connector
- High-density 68-pin female connector
SCSI Ports and Cables
Also known as an RJ-45 port, connects a computer to a network. The connection speed depends on its type.
Network Ports and Cables
Connects a keyboard or a mouse to a computer. It is a 6-pin mini-DIN female connector.
PS/2 Ports
Connects audio devices to the computer.
Audio Ports
Connects to an external source, such as a stereo system.
Line In
Connects to a microphone
Microphone port
Connects to speakers or headphones
Line Out
Connects to a joystick or MIDI-interfaced device
Game port/MIDI
Connects a monitor cable to a computer
Video Ports and Connectors
Has a 3-row 15-pin female connector and provides analog output to a monitor.
Video Graphics Array (VGA)
Has a 19-pin connector and provides digital video and digital audio signals.
High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
Has three shielded cables (red, green, blue) with RCA jacks and provides analog video signals.
Component/RGB
