week 4: chapter 8

Question 1

“The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health” is a definition of
what concept?
a. Health promotion
b. Social change
c. Social justice
d. Empowerment

Answer 1

a. health promotion

Question 1

A nurse participating in an active, involved process where the people, groups, and communities in the area are moving toward increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life, and social justice. What is the nurse working toward?
a. A lifestyle approach
b. Biomedical stability
c. Community empowerment
d. Developing a healthy city

Answer 1

c. community empowerment

Question 2

What publication is widely recognized as marking the transition from medical and behavioural health determinants to a new socio-environmental health promotion approach?
a. The Declaration of Alma Ata
b. An article by Labonte
c. The Ottawa Charter
d. Innocenti Declaration

Answer 2

c. the ottawa charter

Question 3

What does the Population Health Promotion Model most closely reflect?
a. Socio-environmental perspective
b. Natural law perspective
c. Social change perspective
d. Biomedical perspective

Answer 3

a. Socio-environmental perspective

Question 4

Which model was developed to explain why individuals do or do not take action to prevent disease?
a. Disease Prevention Model
b. Health Belief Model
c. Population Health Promotion Model d. Health Equity Model

Answer 4

b. Health Belief Model

Question 5

A conference in what Canadian city is widely recognized as having given birth to the worldwide health
promotion movement?
a. Toronto
b. Vancouver
c. Montreal
d. ottawa

Answer 5

d. ottawa

Question 6

A nurse is involved in political action to reduce homelessness by increasing the availability of affordable
housing. Which primary health care principles is the nurse utilizing?
a. Social justice and equity
b. Accessibility and public participation
c. Legislative changes and social activism
d. community organization and political activism

Answer 6

b. Accessibility and public participation

Question 7

A nurse is working on a project aimed at addressing the effects of poverty on a community’s health. Which primary health care value is being enacted in this scenario? a. Social justice
b. Intersectoral collaboration
c. Health promotion
d. Economics

Answer 7

a. social justice

Question 8

Which primary health care (PHC) project best addresses inequities within society?
a. An intersectoral plan that focuses on lobbying for improvements in minimum wage
b. A community venture that focuses on street safely and neighbourhood patrols
c. An interdisciplinary approach on educating the public about recreation and fitness d. Establishment of a local primary care clinic that employs both physicians and nurse
practitioners

Answer 8

a. An intersectoral plan that focuses on lobbying for improvements in minimum wage

Question 9

A nurse works in a large urban hospital using telehealth to provide cardiac consultations to clients in rural settings. What principle of Primary Health Care (PHC) is evident in this scenario?
a. Public participation
b. Equity
c. Accessibility
d. Social justice

Answer 9

c. accessibility

Question 10

The World Health Organization describes Primary Health Care as the route to better health for all, with
five key elements to achieve that goal. Which of the following is part of the five key elements?
a. Intersectoral collaboration and health promotion
b. Increasing stakeholder participation and reducing social exclusion
c. Using appropriate technology and increasing social disparity
d. Organizing health services around provider needs to increase accessibility

Answer 10

b. Increasing stakeholder participation and reducing social exclusion

Question 11

One of the principles of Primary Health Care is appropriate technology. Appropriate technology means:
a. Models of healthcare do not need to be tested before implementation
b. Appropriate models of care are based on countries’ political persuasion
c. Alternatives to low-cost and high-technology needs to be developed
d. Appropriate models of care are available based on a society’s economic development

Answer 11

d. Appropriate models of care are available based on a society’s economic development

Question 12

Which document received international attention, helping to stimulate the World Health Organization to convene a meeting of member countries to address the disparities in health status between developed and underdeveloped countries?
a. The Lalonde Report
b. The Declaration of Alma Ata
c. The Romanow Report
d. The Principles of Primary Health Care Document

Answer 12

a. The Lalonde Report

Question 13

Which country is known to be a leader in health promotion?
a. The United States of America
b. Canada
c. Switzerland
d. Croatia

Answer 13

b. Canada

Question 14

Which global conference resulted in the Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World?
a. Mexico in 2000
b. Sweden in 1991
c. Thailand in 2005
d. Indonesia in 1997

Answer 14

c. Thailand in 2005

Question 15

There are variations in the literature about the terms used to describe the social determinants of health. Which term below best describes income and social status?
a. Housing
b. Poverty
c. Education
d. Gender

Answer 15

b. poverty

Question 16

One difference between the Toronto Charter on the Social Determinants of Health and the
determinants of health as presented in the Population Health Promotion Model is:
a. The Toronto Charter includes building healthy public policy
b. The Population Health Promotion Model does not include health services
c. The Toronto Charter includes Aboriginal status
d. The Population Health Promotion Model includes social exclusion

Answer 16

c. The Toronto Charter includes Aboriginal status

Question 17

Non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and many cancers are directly linked to physical inactivity. Which of the following initiatives can be used to increase population levels of physical activity?
a. Lobbying the government to increase the living wage by $5.00
b. Implementing healthy lunch programs in all public schools
c. Ensuring that seniors at home are not at risk for falls
d. Public education using mass media to change social norms on physical activity

Answer 17

d. Public education using mass media to change social norms on physical activity

Question 18

What is the definition of risk communication? a. The measure of health of populations
b. Using social media to change people’s thoughts about health
c. Transmission of information about an existing health risk
d. A philosophy and approach to health care where health is protected

Answer 18

c. Transmission of information about an existing health risk

Question 19

What is used to measure the health of populations as well as the progress made toward creating
healthier citizens?
a. Population health indicators
b. Prevention interventions
c. Social marketing campaigns
d. health promotion

Answer 19

a. population health indicators

Question 20

What approach to healthcare delivery is implemented with a goal to protect the health of, and reduce negative consequences for, individuals who engage in high risk activities that are associated with poor health outcomes?
a. Upstream approach
b. Harm Reduction
c. Health Promotion
d. Risk communication

Answer 20

b. harm reduction

Question 21

Which of the following nursing interventions is an example of an upstream approach?
a. A nurse who runs a needle exchange program
b. A nurse who facilitates a support group for teens who have survived sexual abuse
c. A nurse lobbying the local school board to use recycled tires to soften children’s landing on playgrounds
d. A nurse who provides health promotion strategies for community members who have heart health issues

Answer 21

c. A nurse lobbying the local school board to use recycled tires to soften children’s landing on playgrounds

Question 22

Which social marketing term is used to describe an intervention that considers what will motivate people to engage in the intervention and offers them something beneficial in return?
a. Behaviour change intervention
b. Market segment intervention
c. Target intervention
d. Exchange intervention
e. A nurse who facilitates a support group for teens who have survived sexual abuse

Answer 22

d. Exchange intervention

Question 23

Thomas, a community health nurse, is talking with city bus drivers who feel a lack of control over their unrealistic bus schedules. They were able to identify that harmful working conditions were causing multiple health problems. They dialogue together about what could be done.
Thomas is using which approach to promoting health of the bus drivers?
a. Strengths-based appreciative approach
b. Behaviour change approach
c. Problem solving approach
d. Population health approach

Answer 23

a. Strengths-based appreciative approach

Question 24

Ingrid, a community health nurse, is working with a local news agency to draft a segment about the increase rate of measles in a community. Ingrid, is engaging in which activity?
a. Social marketing
b. Tertiary prevention
c. Harm reduction
d. Risk communication

Answer 24

d. Risk communication