Week 4, Chapter 64 - Alternate Fuel Systems Flashcards
What are the “3E” causes?
- Energy Security
- Environmental Concerns
- Economy
What does FCV mean?
Fuel Cell Vehicle
What is the EPAct92?
Energy Policy Act - advanced the use of vehicles capable of using alternatives to gasoline and diesel
___________ is created by drilling, refining, and transporting the end products of oil
Pollution
_________________________ has created health issues for the young as well as for the elderly
Photochemical smog
TLEV
Transitional Low-Emission Vehicle
LEV
Low-Emission Vehicle
ULEV
Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle
SULEV
Super-Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle
PZEV
Partial Zero-Emission Vehicle
ZEV
Zero-Emission Vehicle
Alternative fuels are used as a way of either reducing _________________ or reducing _________________
Operating cost; Pollution
________________________ may replace the use of liquid fuel altogether
Compressed natural gas (CNG)
A liquid under pressure but boils into a gas at atmospheric pressure
Propane
Complicated to design, costly to manufacture, and heavier tanks
LPG Fuel Storage Tanks
What are the two types of LPG storage containers?
Portable universal cylinders and permanently mounted tanks
Can be removed from a vehicle and taken to a refueling site to be filled
Portable cylinders
Used when a vehicle is capable of traveling to a refueling site
Permanently mounted tanks
LPG tanks are usually made of what?
Heavy-gauge steel
The LPG tank is __________ filled to capacity
Never
An automatic fuel limiter ensures that the tank cannot be filled past the safe fill limit of _____
80%
A fossil fuel often found in offshore gas fields or trapped in coal beds, aquifers, or petroleum domes
Natural gas
Methane has an octane number of what?
125 RON
Methane has no odor and an odorant called _____________ is added to detect leaks
Mercaptan
The biggest difference between regular gas SI engines and natural gas engines is what?
The fuel supply system and method of mixing/induction of air-fuel mixture
___________________________ use methane compressed for storage and use in light-duty passenger vehicles, delivery trucks, and buses
Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles (CNGV)
Fuel pressure regulator reduces natural gas storage (CNGV) pressure to around ______
100 PSI
CNGV exhaust is more __________ because it is more humid
Visible
What are type 1 CNG cylinders made of?
Steel
What are type 2 CNG cylinders made of?
Aluminum
What are type 3 CNG cylinders made of?
Combination of approved metals
What are type 4 CNG cylinders made of?
Carbon composite material
Each cylinder in a CNG fuel storage system is fitted with a thermal and/or a pressure activated ____________________
Pressure relief device
Liquified natural gas has to be cooled to _______
-263.2°F
A ____________ fuel gauge is placed in the tank and raises or lowers in a tube for fuel level calcluation
Float-type
____ systems usually circulate engine coolant through the final regulator
LNG
A ____________ prevents accidental overfilling
Vapor return pipe
_______________ is derived from other forms of fuel such as wood or coal
Manufactured gases
Town gas, or ________, is mostly methane and is made by either the carbonization or the gasification of coal
coal gas
____________ is derived from biological sources, such as corn, sugarcane, soybeans, and algae
Biofuels
Biofuels come in which two major categories?
Biodiesel and bio-alcohol
Bio-alcohol is used primarily as a blend with ____________
Gasoline
Renewable fuel made by chemically combined natural oils with an alcohol
Biodiesel
Biodiesel is compatible with ____________
Petrodiesel
Typical biodiesel mixture B20 contains ____ biodiesel and _____ petrodiesel
20%, 80%
__________ fuel is pure biodiesel
B100
B100 biofuel contains about ____ oxygen
11%
- Separates and evaporates quickly from water
- Burnes particulate-free and releases fewer toxic emissions
- Is an oxygenated fuel
Ethanol
- Produced from wood products, natural gas, acetylene, or other organic materials
- Highly poisonous and dangerous to the environment
Heavier than air and is hygroscopic - Referred to as wood alcohol
Methanol
Fuel methanol is normally sold as a blend of _____ methanol and ____ unleaded premium gasoline/petrol = M85
85%, 15%
Produced in a similar fashion to ethanol, but has characteristics similar enough to gasoline
Biobutenol
Electrochemical devices that combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, and in the process produces electricity and heat
Fuel cells
Fuel cells operate without ______________
Combustion
What are the four basic elements to a fuel cell?
- Anode
- Cathode
- Electrolyte
- Catalyst
Considered hybrid vehicles because they have two power sources
Hydrogen fuel cells
What is Ni-Cd
Nickel-Cadmium
What is NiMH
Nickel-Metal Hydride
What is Li-ion
Lithium-ion
These components have lower noise and gas emissions
Electric motors
Electric motors have ________________ braking
Regenerative
Modern/newer electric vehicles most commonly use what kind of batteries?
Lithium-ion
A ___________ can cruise a limited distance without the engine running
Full hybrid
A __________ runs on ICE power at all times except when stopped
Partial hybrid