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EMS-D All Chapters Studied > Week 2, Diesel Fuel PPT > Flashcards

Week 2, Diesel Fuel PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Diesel fuel requires _____ maintenance compared to gasoline

A

More

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2
Q

How much pressure is in low pressure diesel fuel systems?

A

30-70 PSI

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3
Q

How much pressure is in high pressure diesel fuel systems?

A

3,000-42,000 PSI

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4
Q

Air fuel ratio of diesel fuel systems is _________

A

14.5:1

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5
Q

What are the three grades of diesel fuels?

A

1-D
2-D
4-D

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6
Q

Which grade of diesel fuel is preferred for cold weather use and has low emissions?

A

1-D

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7
Q

Which grade of diesel fuel is most common and has higher heat content?

A

2-D

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8
Q

Which grade of diesel fuel heats fuel for oil burner furnaces and can be burned in indirect injection engines?

A

4-D

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9
Q

Diesel fuel’s ignitability or ignition quality

A

Cetane Number

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10
Q

Adding more cetane to diesel creates

A

Shorter ignition delay time (faster ignition)

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11
Q

What is a natural part of crude oil?

A

Sulfur

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12
Q

In 1993, diesel fuel was limited to ______ ppm sulfur content

A

500

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13
Q

Reducing sulfur content =

A

Engine longevity

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14
Q

Sulfur and nitrogen molecule that is part of diesel fuel and hard to burn

A

Aromatic content

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15
Q
  • Cetane boosters
  • Detergents
  • Lubricity additives
  • Smoke suppressants

These are all examples of what?

A

Engine performance enhancers

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16
Q
  • De-icing
  • Pour point improvers
  • Antifoaming

These are all examples of what?

A

Fuel-handling additives

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17
Q
  • Pour point suppressants
  • Fuel stabilizers
  • Corrosion inhibitors
  • Contaminant control
  • Biocides

These are all examples of what?

A

Diesel fuel additives

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18
Q

Quantity of a fuel evaporating at a certain temperature

A

Volatility

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19
Q

___________ and ___________ are the temperatures at which wax in diesel fuel crystalizes

A

Pour point; cloud point

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20
Q

_____________ can incorporate relief valve and vacuum relief

A

Fuel tank cap

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21
Q

Return fuel may need to release _____ and as level drops in tank, air must replace void

A

Air

22
Q

____________ can be used to vent the tank when exposed to fire

A

Thermal plugs

23
Q

What is the most common type of variable resistance in a sending unit?

A

Float sensor that moves with fuel level and gauge circuit resistance

24
Q

Placed just above the bottom of the tank to prevent contamination (heavy duty vehicles use these located at the top of the tank)

A

Tank pickup

25
Q
  • Soft particles that occur naturally in 2-D diesel fuel
  • High heat and oxidation increases content
  • 1.5-2 microns in diameter
A

Asphaltenes

26
Q
  • Most destructive contaminant
  • Can seize injectors
A

Water

27
Q

What contamination source causes…
- loss of film strength of diesel fuel
- rust
- microorganism growth

A

Water

28
Q

__________________ allow draining of water from filter housing

A

Filter drain valves

29
Q

_____________ alert operator to water in fuel by either float or electrical conductivity difference

A

WIF sensors (Water in filter)

30
Q

Grow in fuel under the right conditions and if fuel is left stagnant (can be treated with biocide)

A

Bacteria and fungi

31
Q

What contamination source..
- Solidifies at cold temperature
- Becomes cloudy at 32 degrees F

A

Wax

32
Q

When fuel filters are replaced, the system needs to have what done to it?

A

Air purged from the filter and hand primed

33
Q

When are hand primers and priming buttons used?

A

During engine service

34
Q

What do fuel transfer pumps do?

A

Moves fuel from tank to high-pressure system

35
Q

Positive displacement pump with two gears

A

Gear pump

36
Q

Process of breaking larger fuel drops into tiny droplets

A

Atomization

37
Q

What system uses pressurized engine oil to product high injection pressures and fuel rate control for emission reduction and fuel efficiency?

A

HEUI systems (Hydraulically activated, Electrically controlled Unit Injector)

38
Q

Mechanically governed fuel systems have limited injection pressure at low idle because of ___________

A

Low plunger speed

39
Q

HEUI systems produce ______________________ independent of engine speed

A

High-injection pressure

40
Q

Engine-driven high-pressure oil pump produces up to _______ oil pressure

A

4,000 PSI

41
Q

___________ injection is possible and provides a smaller pilot injection before main injection

A

Split shot

42
Q

_______ injection is delivered 8-10 degrees before main injection and begins to burn just as main is delivered

A

Pilot

43
Q

__________________________ is the most recent development in high-pressure injection systems and is currently used by most diesel engines in production

A

Common rail fuel injection

44
Q

What kind of fuel system supplies fuel at injection pressure to nozzle that electrically controls injection event?

A

Common rail fuel systems

45
Q

___________ injectors use servo-hydraulic design, allowing electrical solenoid to trigger servo valve and provide a short duration injection

A

CR (Common Rail)

46
Q

What kind of fuel injection includes crystals that upon being electrified, expand and provide fuel pressure to spray from the injector?

A

Piezoceramic Electric Actuators

47
Q

Piezoceramic electric actuators change ___________ of signal to injector which causes instantaneous change in injector control valve

A

Polarity

48
Q

Variable nozzle lift in a fuel injector is possible by doing what?

A

Varying the voltage applied

49
Q

Specific gravity is measured in what?

A

API Units

50
Q

How do you set the calibration on an injector?

A

There is often a QR code on the injector itself

EMS-D All Chapters Studied (11 decks)

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