Week 4: Caring for the Child and their Family with Communicable Diseases and Resp Dysfunction Flashcards
describe communicable diseases
- incidence has declined with introduction of vaccines
- complications decreased with use of antibiotics and antitoxins
Protest, despair and detachment causes children to have troubles forming relationships true or false
false
what do u do if parents don’t want their child vaccinated
- show benefits
- science
- validate feelings
- talk it out
- give them validated resources
when does a kid get diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, haemophilu influenzae
2, 4, 6, 18 mos, 4 yrs
when do kids get pneumococcal vaccine
2, 4, 12 mos
when do kids get rotavirus vaccine
2, 4 mos
when do kids get MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine
12 mos, 4 yrs
when do kids get varicella vaccine
15 mos, 4 yrs
when do kids get meningococcal vaccine
12 mos, grade 7
when do kids get HPV (human papillomavirus)
grade 7
when do kids get Hep B vaccine
grade 7
Varicella (zoster virus)
- causes chicken pox
- acute, highly contagious: airborne and contact
- occurs in kids under 15 yrs
- virus remains latent in dorsal root ganglia
- reactivation causes Herpes Zoster Infection (shingles)
how to manage varicella (zoster virus)
-antihistamines
-calamine lotion
-pain management
-not itching
how to treat varicella (zoster virus)
-antiviral (acyl beer)
-Vzig also given especially if they have cancer
S/S of varicella
-fever
-tired
-then legions
why is varicella so contagious
-airborne isolation
-skin care is big piece
-contagious before rash starts
-contagious 1-2 days before rash
-not contagious when all legions crusted over
education for varicella
-watch for infection
-worsening
-vaccinate 12-15 months
-again 4-6 years
erythema infectiosum (5th disease)
- caused by human parvovirus B19
- prodromal phase symptoms are mild: low grade fever, headache, symptoms of URTI
- macular rash spreads quickly to trunk and proximal extremities
- centre of macule fades which gives rash a lacy appearance
- resolves spontaneously in 1-3 wks
- rash subsides but reappears if skin irritated or traumatized by heat, cold, friction, etc
initial description of erythema infectiosum (5th disease)*
rash is like a “slapped face” appearance
roseola
- caused by human herpes virus type 6
- incubation: 5-15 days
- after fever subsides, rash appears
- rash first on trunk and neck, then spreads to face, arms, and legs
- duration 3-6 days
how does roseola appear**
persistent high fever (39-41 C) for 3 or 4 days; otherwise appears well
parent education for roseola
-SUPPORTIVE MANAGEMENT
-SYMPTOMS
-WATCH IF SYMPTOMS GET WORSe
erythema infectiosum (5th disease) education
-Tylenol
-make them feel comfortable
mumps
- caused by paramyxovirus
- transmitted via respiratory droplets or direct contact or fomites
- incubation time of 16-18 days
- fever, headache, malaise, neck pain, painful chewing followed by salivary gland swelling within 48 hrs
- parotitis - unilateral or bilateral that may last up to 10 days
- complications may cause orchitis, pancreatitis, deafness, and meningoencephalitis
INFLAMMATION OF THE CAROTID GLANDS
rubeola (measles)
- caused by rubeola virus
- outbreaks occur mostly in unimmunized or immunocompromised children
- transmitted thru airborne resp droplets or by direct contact w contaminated articles
- incubation time of 6-21 days
- prodrome: 2-4 days phase characterized by fever, malaise, anorexia, conjunctivitis, and cough
- koplik spots appear 2 days before rash
- during acute phase of illness, appearance of a red, blotchy, flat rash begins on face and spreads to trunk and extremities
can see in mucous look deeply in mouth
rubella (german measles)
- caused by rubella virus
- transmitted by direct or indirect contact w article freshly contaminated w nasopharyngeal secretions, blood, stool, or urine
- incubation period is 14-21 days
- period of communicability is few days b4 onset of rash until 7 days after appearance of rash
- rash 1st appears on face then spreads to neck, trunk, and legs
- complications: are rare, greatest danger is intrauterine death, spontaneous abortion
hand, foot, and mouth disease
- caused by coxsackie viruses
- s/s: fever, sore throat, smell greyish blisters in mouth lasting 4-6 days. blisters can appear on palms, fingers, and soles for 7-10 days
- transmission: contact/droplet
- incubation: 3-6 days from date of contact
- period of communicability: 1st week of illness
- enterovirus family
- NO VACCINE!
pertussis (whooping cough)
- caused by Bordetella pertussis
- transmission is through inhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets or direct contact (i.e. soiled bed linen)
- incubation: 7-10 days
- period of communicability is greatest after catarrhal stage and the 1st 2 weeks after cough onset
- begins w more benign symptoms
- short, rapid coughs followed by crowing or “whoop” sound; symptoms of choking/gasping for air
complications: pneumonia (usual cause of death) - treated w erythromycin
- can’t go home till 5 days no intervention
- under 2 months is most vulnerable