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SOMS1201 > Week 4 Anatomy - muscular system > Flashcards

Week 4 Anatomy - muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the skeletal muscle organisation

A
  • Tendon: connective tissue that anchors muscle to bone
  • Fasciles: bundles of muscle fibres
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2
Q

Explain muscle attachments

A
  • Origin: proximal attachment
  • Insertion: distal attachment
  • Cross at least one joint
  • on opposing bones
  • During contraction, muscle insertion movest towards the origin
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3
Q

Explain the components and types of muscle actions

A

Agonist: prime mover (generates movement)
Antagonist: opposes agonist (slows movement)
Synergist: assist agonist

Isometric contraction: muscle tone changes (resisting gravity) e.g. plank
Isotonic contraction: muscle length changes e.g. bicep curl
- Concentric (agonist): muscle shortens
- Eccentric (antagonist): muscle lengthens

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4
Q

Explain fascicle arrangemet

A
  • Number of fibres/fasciles in a cross-sectionarea = muscle power
  • Parrallel pattern = more length, less power
  • Pennate and convergent = less length, more power
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5
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression?

A
  • Occipitofrontalis
  • Obicularis oculi
  • Obicularis oris
  • Buccinator
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6
Q

Parts/tendon/action of Occipitofrontalis

A
  • Frontal and occipital bellies
  • Tendon: epicranial aponeurosis
  • Action: pulls scalp posteriorly and elevates eyebrow
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7
Q

Action of muscles of facial expression

A
  • Obicularis oculi: closes/narrows eye
  • Obicularis oris: closes/compresses lips
  • Buccinator: compresses cheek against teeth
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8
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
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9
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Temporalis

A

Origin: temporal bone (fossa)
Insertion: mandible
Action: closes jaw (elevates and retracts mandible in)

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10
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic bone (arch)
Insertion: mandible
Action: closes jaw (elevates and protracts mandible out)

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11
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of the muscle of the neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Origin: sternum (manubrium) and clavicle
Insertion: temporal bone (mastoid process)
Action: flexes head bilateraly, rotates head unilateraly

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12
Q

Action of the muscles of the back

A

Erector spinae group
Action: extension of trunk (bilateral), lateral flexion of trunk (unilateral)

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13
Q

What are the muscles, tendons and actions of the abdominal wall?

A
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
    Action: lateral flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal wall, contralateral rotation of trunk (EO), ipsilateral rotation of trunk (IO)
  • Transverse abdominus: compression of abdominal wall
  • Rectus abdominus: flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal wall
  • Tendon: linea alba, rectus sheath
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14
Q

What are the muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Trapezius
  • Deltoid
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Teres major
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15
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Pectoralis major

A

Origin: clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage (1-6)
Insertion: proximal humerus (lateral lip of IT groove)
Action: Flexion, adduction, medial rotation

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16
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Trapezius

A

Origin: occipital bone, spinous process
Insertion: clavicle, scapula (acromiun and spine)
Action: elevation-depression, retraction, upward rotation of scapula

17
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: spinous process, ribs, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: Proximal humerus (floor of IT groove)
Action: Extension, adduction, medial rotation of arm

18
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Delotoid

A

Origin: clavicle, scapula (acromion and spine)
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Flexion and medial rotation (anterior), abduction past 15 degress, extension and lateral rotation (posterioir) of arm

19
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Teres major

A

Origin: inferior amd lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Proximal humerus (medial lip of groove)
Action: Extension, adduction, medial rotation of arm
- synergist of latissimus dorsi

20
Q

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
21
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Supraspinatus

A

Origin: supraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercule of humerus
Action: abduction of arm (15 degrees)

22
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation of arm

23
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Teres minor

A

Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation of arm

24
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Subscapularis

A

Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medial rotation of arm

25
Q

What are the muscles of the arm?

A

Anterior
- Biceps brachii
- Brachialis
Posterior
- Triceps brachii

26
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Biceps brachii

A

Origin: coracoid process of scapula (short head), supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)
Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius
Action: Flexion of arm, flexion of forearm, supination of forearm

27
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Brachialis

A

Origin: anterior shaft of humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity of ulna
Action: Flexion of forearm

28
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of Triceps brachii

A

Origin: infraglenoid tubercles of scapula (long head), lateral shaft of humerus (lateral head), posterior shaft of humerus (medial head)
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna
Action: extension of arm and forearm

29
Q

What are the muscles of the forearm?

A
  • Anterior compartment of forearm
  • Posterior compartment of forearm
30
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of the anterior compartment of forearm

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: bones of wrist and hand
Action: pronation and supination, flexion of hand and digits

31
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of the posterior compartment of forearm

A

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: bones of wrist and hand
Action: extenison of hand and digits

32
Q

What are the muscles of the hand?

A
  • Thenar: 1st digit
  • Hypothenar: 5th digit
  • Lumbricals
  • Palmar and dorsi interossei
33
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of

A

Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

34
Q

Origin/Insertion/Action of

A

Origin:
Insertion:
Action:

SOMS1201 (7 decks)

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