Week 3 Anatomy Flashcards
List the functions of the skeletal system
- Protection
- Support and shape
- Movement of muscles
- Blood cell production
- Storage of minerals
What are the bone classifications and list examples of each
- Long (femur)
- Short (carpals)
- Flat (sternum)
- Irregular (vertebra)
- Sesamoid (patella)
List the bone structure
- Sections: epiphysis (top and bottom) and diaphysis (middle)
- Articular cartilage
- Spongy bone (red bone marrow - RBC production)
- Compact bone
- Medullary cavity (yellow bone marrow - tissue/fat storage)
- Periosteum
Bone Histology
Osteoblasts: bone-building cells that surround/build bone ECM
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells which maintain bone tissue
Osteoclasts: Resorption and breakdown for normal bone growth and
repair
Osteon: Inner: Haversian canal, Outer: Lamellae
Explain the role and parts of the Axial Skeleton
Role:
- Provides structure
- Supports and protects organs
- Attaches to muscles for movement
Parts:
- Skull
- Vertebral column (sacrum + coccyx)
- Thoracic cage (ribs + sternum)
List the parts of the skull
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
- Sphenoid
- Nasal
- Lacrimal
- Ethmoid
- Maxilla
- Mandible
- Zygomatic
- Paletine
- Vomer
List the sutures of the skull
- Coronal (across)
- Sagittal (down)
- Bregma (meeting of coronal and sagittal)
- Lambdoid (back)
- Lambda (meeting of saggital and lambdoid)
- Occipito-temporal (sides)
List the functions and parts of the Vertebral column
Role:
- Support: carries weight of head and body
- Protection of spinal cord within vertebral canal
- Movement and posture
Parts:
- Cervical vertebrae (7)
- Thoracic vertebrae (12)
- Lumbar vertebrae (5)
- Intervertebral disc
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
List the curvatures of the vertebral column
Primary:
Convex posteriorly (kyphosis)
- Thoracic
- Sacral
Secondary:
Concave posteriorly (lordosis)
- Cervical
- Lumbar
What are the features of a typical vertebra
- Body
- Vertebral foramen
- Pedicles
- Lamina
- Superior articular processes/facets
- Inferior articular processes/facets
- Superior and inferioir vertebral notches
- Transverse processes
- Spinous process
Describe features of typicala regional vertebra
Cervical
- Body: small and oval,square
- Vertebral foramen: triangular
- Transverse process: Foramina
- Spinous process: Short and bifid, directed posteriorly
Thoracic
- Body: medium, heart shaped, costal facets
- Vertebral foramen: circular
- Transverse process: Costal facets
- Spinous process: Long, thin, directed inferiorly
Lumbar
- Body: large and cylindrical
- Vertebral foramen: triangular
- Transverse process: Thin
- Spinous process: Very thick, directed posteriorly
What is the function of IVD
Intervertebral disc (IVD) provides
compressive resistance, mobility, and
helps maintain correct spacing of the
intervertebral foramina. It contains nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus
Describe the atypical vertebra
C1 (atlas)
- ‘Yes’ movement
- Facet for dens
- Lateral masses
- No body or spinous process
C2 (axis)
- ‘No’ movement
- Dense
- Large spinous process
Describe the role and parts of the thoracic cage
Protects the lungs and acts as an anchor site for muscles of ventilation
- True ribs (1-7)
- Flase ribs (8-10)
- Floating ribs (11-12)
- Atypical ribs (1,2,10,11,12)
- Sternum: manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Appendicular Skeleton
Attaches and supports structures of limbs and facilitates movement
- Pectoral girdle
- Upper limb
- Pelvic girdle
- Lower limb
