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NURSADN6 Med Surg > Week 4 ABG Review > Flashcards

Week 4 ABG Review Flashcards

1
Q

Test to measure the acidity (ph), the levels of oxygen O2, carbon dioxide (CO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood.

A

ABGs ( Arterial Blood Gases)

  • Used to provide diagnosis and to guide therapy in ill patients.
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2
Q

Acid/ Base Numbers of HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

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3
Q

pH level is

A

7.35-7.45

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4
Q

PaCO2 is

A

35-45 mm Hg

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5
Q

PaO2 80-100 mm Hg

A

True

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6
Q

Oxygen saturation is above

A

94%

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7
Q

The kidneys regulate arterial HCO3 by reabsorbing what?

A

Filtered bicarbonate and replacing bicarbonate lost in buffering acids

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8
Q

Lungs regulate what?

A

CO2 via the medulla

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9
Q

Name the components of ABG

A
  1. pH - portrays acid or alkaline balance of the blood
  2. PCO2- Amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood plasma
  3. HCO3- Amount of bicarbonate (base) in the blood
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10
Q

pH portrays the what?

A

Acid or alkaline balance of the blood

Normal 7.35-7.45
pH less than 7.35 is an acid condition

7.45 the body is what? Alkaline state.

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11
Q

PCO2 is what?

A

Amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood

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12
Q

When CO2 is combined with H2O becomes what?

A

Carbonic Acid

Therefore is considered an acid

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13
Q

Normal range of CO2 is

A

35-45

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14
Q

PCO2 is regulated by what?

A

Lungs and respiratory
If CO2 is above 45 an acid condition exists
If CO2 is below 35 then it is an alkaline condition exists

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15
Q

HCO3 is amount of bicarbonate in the blood

A

True

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16
Q

Normal range for HCO3 is

A

22-26

Influenced by metabolic system

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17
Q

What is regulated by the renal system?

A

HCO3

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18
Q

Acid condition exists if < 22 (deficiency of base products)

A

True

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19
Q

Alkaline condition exists if

A

> 26 too much base

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20
Q

Respiratory acidosis occurs with what?

A

Hypoventilation (retain CO2)

  1. Overdose of narcotics
  2. COPD
  3. Neuromuscular disorders
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21
Q

Respiratory insufficiency there will be signs of what?

A
  1. SOB
  2. Cyanosis
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22
Q

a

A
23
Q

Name the causes of Respiratory Alkalosis

A
  1. Fear/ Pain
  2. Large Tidal Volume
  3. Increased respiratory rate
24
Q

This occurs when body gains acid or loses base thus decreasing HCO3 <22

A

Metabolic Acidosis

25
Q

Name the causes of loss of lower GI fluids

A

Diarrhea

  • Pancreatic Drain
  • Kidney Failure
26
Q

Name the symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A
  1. Deep and fast breathing
  2. Disorientation
  3. Coma
27
Q

This occurs when body loses acid or gains base, thus increasing the HCO3 > 26.

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

28
Q

Name the causes of Metabolic Alkalosis

A
  1. NG suction
  2. Vomiting
  3. Overuse of antacids
29
Q

Name the symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Mental confusion
Apathy
Weakness
Dizziness

30
Q

What is compensation?

A

Body’s attempt to maintain the pH within normal limits

31
Q

Name the 3 degrees of compensation

A
  1. Complete Compensation
  2. Partial Compensation
  3. No compensation
32
Q

The respiratory system attempts to do what to compensate for metabolic disorders

A
  1. Responds within minutes
  2. Increase rate and depth of breathing
33
Q

The metabolic system attempts to compensate for respiratory abnormalities

A

True
1. Slow and may take 24-48 hr
2. Kidneys save HCO3 which increases the pH
3. When pH normal, compensation complete

34
Q

What is complete compensation?

A

Occurs when the pH value returns to normal

35
Q

In complete compensations both what will be abnormal?

A

PCO2 and HCO3

One value will be abnormal as it is causing the disorder

2nd value will become abnormal in compensation for the imbalance

36
Q

In partial compensation what is not yet within normal limits?

A

pH

37
Q

What is all abnormal in partial compensation?

A

pH, PCO2, and HCO3

38
Q

One value abnormal as it is causing the disorder

2nd value abnormal as it attempts to compensate for the disorder

A

True

39
Q

In no compensation the pH will be what?

A

Abnormal

40
Q

With metabolic disorder the HCO3 will be?

A

Abnormal and the PCo2 will be normal

41
Q

With respiratory disorder the PCO2 will be

A

Abnormal and the Hco3 will be normal

42
Q

Step 1 in ABG is

A

Determine if pH is acid or alkaline

43
Q

if pH is less than .35 it is

A

Acid condition exists

44
Q

7.35- 7.40 is

A

Normal but on low (acid) side of normal

45
Q

If pH is 7.40-7.45 it is normal but on high (alkaline) side of normal

A

True

46
Q

If the pH is 7.45 above

A

Alkaline condition exists

  • record value and write whether it is normal, acid or alkaline
47
Q

What is step 2 of ABG?

A

Determine if PCO2 ACID (high) or Alkaline (low)

48
Q

Step 2 of ABG includes

A
  1. Evaluate the respiratory system by assessing the PCO2
  2. If PCO2n> 45 an acid condition exists
  3. If PCO2 <35 an alkaline condition exists
  4. Record the PCO2 value and write beside the value whether it is normal, acid, or alkaline
49
Q

Step 3 of ABG is

A

Determine if HCO3 is acid (low) or Alkaline (high)

50
Q

Step 3 of ABG includes

A
  1. Evaluate
    - The metabolic system by assessing the HCO3 level
  2. Base
    - If <22, base products low and acid condition exists
  3. Excess
    - If >26, excess of base products cause and alkaline condition
  4. Record
    - Record the HCO3 value and write beside the value whether it is normal, acid, or alkaline
51
Q

What is step 4 of ABG?

A

Compare the pH with the metabolic HCO3 or resp. CO2

52
Q

Step 4 ABG includes

A
  1. Look at condition(Normal, Acid or Alkaline) was written beside pH
  2. Determine which system (Metabolic HCO3) or (Respiratory PCO2) has the same condition
  3. The system that has the same condition as the pH is the one causing the imbalance
53
Q

Step 5 of ABG is

A

Once pH has been matched with the system causing the disorder, look at te value of the other system to determine the status of compensation

NURSADN6 Med Surg (9 decks)

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