week 4

Question 1

What is addiction?

Answer 1

It is a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation and related circuitry.

Question 2

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 2

Anything that increases the frequency of the response immediately preceding it. Example: drug administration for the euphoric effects.

Question 3

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 3

Temporary interruption of continuous negative stimuli that increases the frequency of the response immediately preceding it. Example: administering a drug during the withdrawal state leads to temporary relief from the withdrawal symptoms

Question 4

What is hijacked brain hypothesis?

Answer 4

Addictive drugs are more powerful in activating the reward center than biologically essential stimuli (food, sex, socialization) and they alter the function of the reward center.

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is increased in the reward pathway in response to drugs of abuse?

Answer 5

dopamine

Question 6

What are the 3 stages of addiction?

Answer 6

Binge/Intoxication. Withdrawal/negative effet. Preoccupation/anticipation

Question 7

What are the 2 types of craving?

Answer 7

1. Craving that is paired with a previous stimulus or an environmental cue.
2. Occurs during a protracted abstinence state that persists weeks after detoxification.