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Biological Perspectives > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many alcohol related deaths are there per year?

A

3 million. 6 deaths a minute

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2
Q

What percentage of deaths are related to alcohol

A

5.3%

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3
Q

How many disease conditions is alcohol a causal factor in?

A

200

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4
Q

What is the Volstead Act?

A

Implemented the 18th amendment which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

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5
Q

What is the 21st Amendment

A

Repealed the 18th amendment

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6
Q

What is the FDA

A

They are the food and drug administration. They are the regulatory authority of the safety of the food and drug industry.

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7
Q

What is the DEA

A

Drug Enforcement Agency. They enforce the controlled substance laws and regulations in the US.

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8
Q

What is the Harrison Act 1914

A

Restricted the sale of Opium and Cocaine to those who were licensed. Treatment for addiction was declared outside of scope using these drugs.

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9
Q

Schedule 1 Drugs

A

High potential for abuse. No accepted medical use. lack of accepted safety for use.

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10
Q

What drugs are in schedule 1

A

heroin, hallucinogens (LSD, Ibogaine, peyote), Marijuana.

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11
Q

What is schedule 2

A

High potential for abuse but has a current accepted medical use in the US or medical use with severe restrictions. abuse may lead to dependence.

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12
Q

What drugs are in schedule 2

A

fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, methadone, morphine, codeine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ritalin.

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13
Q

What is schedule 3

A

Drug has potential for abuse less than schedule 2. Currently accepted as a medical treatment in the US. Abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high dependence.

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14
Q

What drugs are in schedule 3

A

nalorphine, tylenol with codeine, buprenorphine, phencyclidine, anabolic steroids

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15
Q

What is schedule 4

A

Drug has low potential for abuse relative to those in schedule 3. accepted medical use treatment. Abuse may lead to limited dependence relative to schedule 3.

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16
Q

What is schedule 5

A

Low potential for abuse relative to schedule 4. currently accepted medical use. abuse may lead to limited dependence or psychological dependence relative to schedule 4 drugs.

17
Q

Where does Marijuana Stand now?

A

Still a schedule 1 drug but 33 states and DC have either legalized or partially legalized its use. Physicians cannot dispense it.

18
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

The study of plasma concentration of drugs and all of the factors that affect those concentrations.

19
Q

What factors of pharmacokinetics affect concentration?

A

absorption, bioavailability, distribution, protein binding, metabolism, excretion/Clearance and half life.

20
Q

What is pharmacodynamis

A

What the drug does to the body. Actual mechanisms of action that lead to the effect the drug has on the body.

21
Q

Define Absorbtion

A

rate that the drug leaves its site of administration and enters the bloodstream.

22
Q

define bioavailability

A

The extent to which a drug is actually available at the ultimate site of action.

23
Q

Define Drug Distribution

A

Where the drug goes in the blood.

24
Q

What is protein binding

A

Many drugs are protein bound and this affects how they are distributed.

25
Q

Define metabolism

A

How your organ systems in the body breakdown and inactivate drugs so they can be excreted from the body. The liver is the main site of drug metabolism.

26
Q

Define excretion/clearence

A

Routes by which drugs are eliminated in both metabolized and non metabolized forms. Kidneys are the major source of excretion. Bile, feces, sweat, expired air, saliva, tears, breast milk.

27
Q

Define Half life

A

The amount of time it takes for the plasma (blood) concentration to decrease to half the original amount.

28
Q

What factors affect drug metabolism?

A

Age, gender, genetics, race, organ disease, environment, emotional state.

29
Q

How do you figure out the time to steady state and time to clear drug?

A

by multiplying the half life by 5.

30
Q

Routes of administartion

A

inhalation, injection, mucus membrane absorption, oral, transdermal.

31
Q

What are the fastest routes of administration?

A

Inhalation is the fastest followed by injection

32
Q

What are the slowest routes of administration

A

Transdermal. 1-2 days

33
Q

How long for oral administration to go into effect?

A

20-60 min

34
Q

Mucus membrane time?

A

3-5 min

35
Q

SC (under skin)

A

20-30 min

36
Q

IM (in muscle)

A

10-20 min

37
Q

IV (into vein)

A

15-30 seconds

38
Q

What is potency?

A

dose of the drug required to produce a specific effect

39
Q

What is efficacy?

A

maximum possible effect that a particular drug can achieve.

Biological Perspectives (4 decks)

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