Week 4

Question 1

Layers

Answer 1

The physical and the logic within the 0’s and 1’s

Question 2

Distinction between analog and digital technology

Answer 2

Digital technology is able to compress and conserve bandwidth, also offers more clarity and better quality.

Question 3

Circuit switched telephone

Answer 3

Call placed between 2 points, circuit is held ope for duration of the call

Can be either analog or digital.

Question 4

Packet switched telephone

Answer 4

no dedicated fixed capacity to communication

Dynamic routing

Information is divided, transported, and reassembled.

Must be digital.

Question 5

4 layers of the internet

Answer 5

Physical
Logical
Application
Content

Question 6

Physical layer of the internet

Answer 6

Ex. copper wires, airwaves

Question 7

Logical layer of the internet

Answer 7

Basic protocols for transmission

How computers speak to each other.

Question 8

Application layer of the internet

Answer 8

Like web browser software

Question 9

Content layer of the internet

Answer 9

Actual words in an email, music video on YouTube, etc…

Question 10

Without the separation of layers content would depend on…

Answer 10

internet provider

Question 11

IP

Answer 11

Internet Protocol

Logic layer of the internet

Allows my Mac to connect with anything, anywhere, all are following this protocol, but it is owned by no one.

Question 12

Did the separation of layers promote or hinder the internet’s progress?

Answer 12

The separation of layers promoted the internet’s progress.

Question 13

Web in relation to internet?

Answer 13

The web runs ON TOP of the internet, it is NOT the internet.

Question 14

How did the government’s decision to privatize the internet and allow electronic commerce in the 1990’s impact internet browsers?

Answer 14

Internet browsers were not an instant success, but following this policy change they became user friendly. More people started using them and as more people used browsers, browsers became more valuable (network effects).

Question 15

Peering

Answer 15

2 networks interconnect directly

Question 16

Transit

Answer 16

1 network hires intermediary to connect it indirectly to other networks.

Always involves an exchange of money.

Question 17

Settlement free peering

Answer 17

Networks don’t exchange money, just accept each other’s traffic.

Question 18

Paid Peering

Answer 18

IP Network pays another to peer with it, particularly if it’s giving more traffic than it’s receiving.

Question 19

CDNs

Answer 19

Arrange for the transport of data content to cache servers dispersed throughout the internet.

Anytime I want to see content, I connect to a nearby CDN server.

Question 20

Net Neutrality Basics

Answer 20

Supports open internet order

No blocking or degrading lawful content

No contractual deals between broadband networks and internet content providers for favoured treatment

Transparency: Broadband ISP’s must disclose practices, performance, and commercial terms of its broadband internet services.

Question 21

Analog and digital are a means of

Answer 21

transporting data.

Question 22

Analogous

Answer 22

Transmitting information in continuous wave forms.

Question 23

Digital

Answer 23

Data is converted into binary digits, no loss of fidelity.

Question 24

Open architecture networking

Answer 24

objective is total connectivity

all platforms and all operating systems treated as equal

Question 25

Internet Governance

Answer 25

Internet controlled by different groups

Multi-stakeholder

Question 26

Net Neutrality under Obama

Answer 26

Strict net neutrality rules and the strongest net neurtrality laws the U.S. has seen.

Internet providers can’t charge for different content and can’t prioritize content.

FCC: No blocking content
No throttling
No paid prioritization

Question 27

Net Neutrality under Trump

Answer 27

FCC under Trump: no net neutrality law

HOWEVER, many states have banned state agencies from doing business with companies that don’t uphold net neutrality.

In California they have strict net neutrality laws, as a result many business are upholding net neutrality because they don’t want to mess with California. However the feds are sueing California. (yikes)

Question 28

Net Neutrality in Canada (1993 telecoms act)

Answer 28

No unjust discrimination

No unjust preference to any person

Leave the content alone

Net neutrality in effect however throttling is permitted IF carriers disclose that they are messing with the content, why they are doing that, and how it impacts the consumers. Carriers do not want to deal with this so essentially Canada has net neutrality.

Question 29

Who won in Ben Klass v.s. Bell?

Answer 29

Ben Klass, both times.