Week 4

Question 1

Public health

Answer 1

concerned with protecting the health of populations with an emphasis on disease prevention
on an individual level

Question 2

Population health

Answer 2

unified effort of prevention, promotion, protection, diagnosis, treatment and care

Question 3

Health promotion

Answer 3

implementing interventions that enable people and communities to increase control over and to improve their health

Question 4

Edward Jenner

Answer 4

explored the idea of inoculation

Question 5

Ignaz Semmelweis

Answer 5

developed antiseptic procedures and recognized that things in the air as well as skin-to-skin contact cause infection

Question 6

Florence Nightingale

Answer 6

founder of modern nursing

Question 7

John Snow

Answer 7

cholera and the south street pump

Question 8

Typhoid Mary

Answer 8

first case of healthier carrier

cook in New York for the wealthy

Question 9

Public health

Answer 9

Medical care act (1969)
Lalonde report (1974)
Alma ata (1979)
Ottawa charter (1986)
Public health agency of Canada (2004)

Question 10

Alma ata

Answer 10

• need for urgent action by all governments and workers to promote health
• first international declaration
• started the Health for All movement

Question 11

Ottawa Charter

Answer 11

• defines health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
• basic strategies of promotion include advocate, enable and mediate
• health as a resource for everyday life
• five action areas
  1. building healthy public policy
  2. creating supportive communities
  3. strengthening personal skills
  4. developing person skills
  5. re-orienting health services toward prevention and promotion

Question 12

Jakarta declaration

Answer 12

• reaffirmed Ottawa charter

- added five new priorities

Question 13

Bankok declaration

Answer 13

• recognized health inequality between nations
• urbanization, environmental change
• changing trend of communication

Question 14

Sars and Naylor Report

Answer 14

• highlighted limitations of public health infrastructure

- lead to the Public Health Agency of Canada

Question 15

Public health as a field

Answer 15

• addresses the health of populations by altering social, economic, behavioural, political, biological and environmental determinants of health
• dynamic relationship between these
• practice, research and policy need to be married together

Question 16

Public Health Agency priorities

Answer 16

• public health notices
• reducing risk of chronic disease
• injury prevention
• infectious disease prevention

Question 17

Public Health Ontario Strategic Plan

Answer 17

1. provide scientific and technical expertise to strengthen the public health sector
2. accelerate integrated population health monitoring
3. enable policy, program and practice action
4. advance public health evidence and knowledge
5. attract and retain exceptional teams of people

Question 18

Indigenous determinants of health

Answer 18

proximal e.g. employment and income
intermediate (institutional)
distal (colonialism, racism, self-determination)

Question 19

Self determination

Answer 19

• ability to participate equally in decision making

- perceived control of lives is related to depression

Question 20

Cultural

Answer 20

awareness 
sensitivity 
competence 
safety 
humility

Question 21

Immigrants

Answer 21

• 20% foreign born
• come from India, china
• temporary health insurance to protected persons, refugees

Question 22

Asklepios

Answer 22

three daughter were medicine, hygiene and treatment

Question 23

Early immigration booms

Answer 23

periods of bad health
typhoid
returning troops and Spanish flu and tuberculosis

Question 24

Lalonde report

Answer 24

health as a resource influenced by more than biology alone

Question 25

Epp report

Answer 25

reducing inequities for disadvantaged groups

Question 26

Population health promotion model

Answer 26

what, how, who