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Chem & Physics > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Only equation we need to memorize

A

CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3-

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2
Q

DEFINITION of acid

A

Molecule that donates H+ in a solution

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3
Q

Definition of base

A

Molecule that accepts an H+ in solution

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4
Q

Strong acids

A

FUlly ionize in solution

Examples:
HCl, HI, HBr, H2SO4, HNO3

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5
Q

Strong bases

A

Fully ionized to OH- and cation.

Examples
NaOH, LiOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2

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6
Q

Amphiprotic species

A

Act as both acid or a base (PO4)

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7
Q

WEAK ACID

A

Most of acid remains whole and does not ionize in water.

HC2H3O3 (acetic acid)
H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)
NH4+ (ammonium)

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8
Q

Weak base

A

Does not fully ionize

EXAMPLES
NH3, HCO3, CO32-, HPO4 2-

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9
Q

Ha —> h +a

WHat is A?

A

Conjugate base

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10
Q

H + + B HB+

What is HB+

A

Conjugate acid

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11
Q

Henderson Hasselbalch equation is used to find what. What is the equation?

A

Used to find dissociation of a weak acid.

Ph= pa + log ( [A-]/ [HA])

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12
Q

What does pka signify

A

Where buffers do best buffering

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13
Q

‘Where does a buffer work best?

A

+ or - 1 pH level

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14
Q

PH normal

A

7.4

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15
Q

CO2 normal

A

40

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16
Q

HCO3 normal

A

24

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17
Q

Base excess normal

A

0

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18
Q

What is a charge on electron

A

Coulomb

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19
Q

How to calculate anion gap

A

NA+ - (Cl- +HCO3-)

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20
Q

What does high AG mean?

A

Addition of acid

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21
Q

What does normal AG mean?

A

Loss of base

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22
Q

Electric potential energy definition

A

The potential energy between two electrons based on distance. Unit of joule

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23
Q

Electric potential

A

Joule/coulomb or V

24
Q

Which way does the electric current flow?

A
  • —> + current measure in charge/time. Coulomb/second
25
Q

COnductors

A

Carry electrical current efficiently

26
Q

Insulators

A

Resist carrying electrical current

27
Q

How to find current?

A

I= V/R Ohm’s Law

28
Q

Conductance

A

Opposite of resistance. Measured in mho or S Siemens G= 1/R

29
Q

How to find electrical power?

A

Current x voltage. P= IV W=AV

30
Q

Units for power

A

J/s or W

31
Q

N-type conductors

A

Are negative and have “extra” e floating around. Uses metals from group V

32
Q

P-type semi conductors

A

Use metal from group 3. Is a positive conductor and has one less electron, creating a hole.

33
Q

DIode

A

P-type bound to n-type. Conducts electricity in one direction, but not he other

34
Q

Transistors definition PNP and NPN

A

Has p-type, n-type and p-type semiconductor material. P-type is emitter, n-type is base, 2nd p-type is collector.

CUrrent between emitter and base??? Not sure if we need to know…

35
Q

Definition of spectroscopy

A

Light reflecting off a material and beer’s law is used for pulse ox

36
Q

Beer’s LAW

A

Absorbance for wavelength of light (A) depends on absorbtivity (a) of material, concentration (c) and thickness (b)

37
Q

What happens with alpha decaf

A

Looses He ion A-4 and Z-2

Usually very large nuclei

Alpha partical big and doesn’t go far. Not a problem unless material is in your body already

38
Q

Beta - decay

A

Neutron goes to proton + kicks out an electron and antineutrino.

A does not change
Z +1

39
Q

B + decay

A

Positron decay. Proton goes to neutron, kicks out positron and neutrino

A remains same, Z-1

Used with pet scan

40
Q

Gamma decay

A

Does not change configuration of nucleus

41
Q

What does gamma knife do to element?

A

A+1, Z+1

42
Q

What is definition of decay constant

A

Inverse of half life

43
Q

How does CO2 scrubber get rid of CO2?

A

NaOH and Ca(OH)2

44
Q

What does temperature compensating valve in variable bypass vaporizer do?

A

Adjusts flow of air either down to vaporizer or straight across

45
Q

What’s special about desflurane vaporizer?

A

It has heater to allow desflurane to boils. IS NOT temperature dependent like other vaporizers

46
Q

What’s special about N2O

A

Since it diffuses through aveoli, the n2o will go into blood, leaving an increased concentration of anesthesia gases. This causes second gas effect

47
Q

How is N2O stored?

A

Mostly as liquid. Pressure gauge will not be correct since it is mostly liquid. You can tell how much N2O is left by weight of tank. It will only read pressure once the tank is “running on fumes”

48
Q

What is the threshold of perception for electrical charge?

A

0-10mA

49
Q

What is let-go current of electric current

A

10-100mA

50
Q

What is the hot wire in a plug?

A

Black is hot and smaller slit

51
Q

What is the neutral wire?

A

White is neutral and larger slit. Does NOT provide shock if kid puts knife in

52
Q

Which one is the ground?

A

Green is ground.

53
Q

How does GFI work?

A

Always analyzes current coming back in through neutral line. If there is any difference in hot—> neutral, then the sensor will trip and shut off outlet.

Bigger difference trips quicker

54
Q

Describe action potential of ventricular myocyte

A

0- NA rushes in,
1- Na channels close, K remains leaking out
2- Ca VG open, causing plateau, VG K channels open
3-Closure of VG Ca channels cause rapid decrease in mV with K continues to leak out.
4- VG K Channels close. Kleak at baseline

55
Q

Sinoatrial action potential

A

0- Ca in
3- K out
4- “funny current” overshoot of k

Chem & Physics (4 decks)

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