Week 4

Question 1

ascending aorta

Answer 1

a (the first small section of the aorta arising from the left ventricle, running
superiorly and ending at the aortic arch.

Question 2

what are the two branches of the ascending aorta

Answer 2

The two coronary arteries

Question 3

aortic arch

Answer 3

curves over the heart and gives rise to branches that supply the head, neck and
arms

Question 4

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 4

he first branch of the aortic arch arising from its convex surface

Question 5

what does the brachiocephalic trunk slipt into

Answer 5

right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

Question 6

left common carotid artery

Answer 6

the second branch of the aortic arch arising to the left of the
brachiocephalic trunk and running superiorly to enter the neck

Question 7

left subclavian artery

Answer 7

the third branch of the aortic arch arising posterior and to the left of
the left common carotid artery, then runs superiorly to enter the root of the neck

Question 8

what is the descending thoracic aorta

Answer 8

the continuation of the aortic arch, This section produces a large
number of small branches including the posterior intercostal arteries

Question 9

where is the descending thoracic aorta situated

Answer 9

situated on the left side of
the vertebral column at its commencement but anterior to the column at its termination. It is
located between the sternal angle and T12.

Question 10

where is the sternal angle

Answer 10

(lower border of T4)

Question 11

tell me about the branches of the descending thoracic aorta

Answer 11

.This section produces a large

number of small branches including the posterior intercostal arteries

Question 12

where is the abdominal aorta

Answer 12

the continuation of the descending thoracic aorta beginning at the level
of the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus (T12), and running virtually parallel to the inferior vena
cava.

Question 13

what does the abdominal aorta do

Answer 13

. It supplies blood to much of the abdominopelvic cavity and the lower limbs

Question 14

does the abdominal aorta have bifurcation? if so, where

Answer 14

yes, at the level of L4.

Question 15

where do the left and right common iliac arteries originate from?

Answer 15

from the

aortic bifurcation before bifurcating themselves

Question 16

how long are the left and right common iliac arteries

Answer 16

(about 4cm long

Question 17

where do the left and right common iliac arteries bifurcate?

Answer 17

the sacroiliac joint

Question 18

what do the left and right common iliac arties bifurcate into

Answer 18

the external and

internal iliac arteries

Question 19

anastomosis

Answer 19

joining

Question 20

what do the left and right common iliac veins arise from

Answer 20

the anastomosis of the external and

internal iliac veins on either side

Question 21

what is the inferior vena cava formed from

Answer 21

formed by the anastomosis of the right and left common iliac veins

Question 22

levels of the inferior vena cava

Answer 22

the level of L5 – runs on right side of vertebral column – is partially embedded in the liver before
passing through the caval opening of the diaphragm at T8, and entering the right atrium

Question 23

Tributaries of the inferior vena cava

Answer 23

Renal veins (at the level of L1, drain the
kidney) and the gonadal veins (ovarian/testicular) (at level of L2)

Question 24

what is weird about eh left renal vein?

Answer 24

Note the left renal vein often
receives the left gonadal vein in contrast with the right side where the gonadal and other veins
drain directly into the IVC

Question 25

what do the hepatic veins drain from and where does this blood go to

Answer 25

(drain blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava)

Question 26

why is The hepatic portal vein not a real vein

Answer 26

n as it conducts blood to the capillary bed in the liver and not directly to the heart)

Question 27

what do the hepatic portal veins drain from and where does this blood go to

Answer 27

(drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to liver

Question 28

Tributaries of the hepatic portal veins

Answer 28

include the splenic vein, superior and inferior mesenteric veins, gastric veins and cystic veins

Question 29

where does the superior vena cava drain blood from

Answer 29

drains blood from the head, neck and upper limbs

Question 30

how is the superior vena cava formed

Answer 30

formed by the | union of the brachiocephalic veins.

Question 31

what joins the superior vena cava join before it gets to the right atrium

Answer 31

The azygos vein joins it just before it enters the right atrium

Question 32

where does the the azygos vein drain from

Answer 32

(drains blood from the posterior intercostal space, the posterior abdominal wall, pericardium, diaphragm, bronchi and oesophagus in conjunction with the superior hemiazygos

Question 33

useful landmarks for the identification of the femral artery

Answer 33

anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercle and pubic symphysis

Question 34

The internal iliac artery | supplies

Answer 34

the pelvic organs and gluteal region (buttock)

Question 35

external iliac mainly supplies

Answer 35

the lower limb

Question 36

what is the femoral triangle?

Answer 36

a triangular depression at the | front of the thigh made up of the femoral artery and femoral vein

Question 37

what is the popliteal fossa

Answer 37

(a diamond shaped | depression behind the knee)

Question 38

what do we find in the middle of the popliteal fossa

Answer 38

the popliteal artery and popliteal vein

Question 39

where is the posterior tibial artery

Answer 39

behind the medial malleolus

Question 40

where is the dorsalis pedis artery,

Answer 40

running distally on the dorsum of the foot between the tendon of extensor hallucis longus and the medial tendon of extensor digitorum longus

Question 41

landmarks of the radial artery

Answer 41

tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Question 42

where is radial artery relative to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

Answer 42

lateral

Question 43

The junction between the internal jugular and subclavian veins to form

Answer 43

the | brachiocephalic vein

Question 44

The junction between the right and left brachiocephalic veins to form

Answer 44

the superior | vena cava

Question 45

landmark for the facial artery

Answer 45

The masseter | muscle forms

Question 46

where does the superficial temporal artery criss the zygomatic arch

Answer 46

anterior to the ear

Question 47

Where is the cephalic vein

Answer 47

arising from the lateral (thumb side) of the dorsal venous network on the dorsum (back) of the hand, and running superiorly towards the lateral side of the cubital fossa

Question 48

Where is the basillic vein

Answer 48

arising from the medial (little finger side) of the same network and running superiorly towards the medial side of the cubital fossa

Question 49

greater (long) saphenous vein

Answer 49

as it arises from the medial marginal vein (from the most medial aspect of the dorsal venous network of the foot) and passing anterior to the medial malleolus as it runs superiorly on the medial aspect of the leg

Question 50

lesser (short) saphenous vein

Answer 50

as it arises from the lateral marginal vein (from the most lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network of the foot), and passing posterior and inferior to the lateral malleolus as it runs superiorly on the posterior aspect of the leg

Question 51

how to find upper limb veins

Answer 51

 Apply a tourniquet to the middle of one arm (at least 4 finger breadths above the cubital fossa - the depression anterior to the elbow)  Ask the subject to make a tight fist (using the arm with a tourniquet) then release it, and keep doing this until the cubital and antecubital (forearm) veins are clearly visible.

Question 52

how to find lower limb veins

Answer 52

Apply a tourniquet to the middle of the calf and keep the lower limb on the floor, looking for the superficial veins on the leg, ankle and foot to become clearly visible.