Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

ascending aorta

A

a (the first small section of the aorta arising from the left ventricle, running
superiorly and ending at the aortic arch.

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2
Q

what are the two branches of the ascending aorta

A

The two coronary arteries

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3
Q

aortic arch

A

curves over the heart and gives rise to branches that supply the head, neck and
arms

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4
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A

he first branch of the aortic arch arising from its convex surface

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5
Q

what does the brachiocephalic trunk slipt into

A

right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

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6
Q

left common carotid artery

A

the second branch of the aortic arch arising to the left of the
brachiocephalic trunk and running superiorly to enter the neck

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7
Q

left subclavian artery

A

the third branch of the aortic arch arising posterior and to the left of
the left common carotid artery, then runs superiorly to enter the root of the neck

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8
Q

what is the descending thoracic aorta

A

the continuation of the aortic arch, This section produces a large
number of small branches including the posterior intercostal arteries

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9
Q

where is the descending thoracic aorta situated

A

situated on the left side of
the vertebral column at its commencement but anterior to the column at its termination. It is
located between the sternal angle and T12.

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10
Q

where is the sternal angle

A

(lower border of T4)

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11
Q

tell me about the branches of the descending thoracic aorta

A

.This section produces a large

number of small branches including the posterior intercostal arteries

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12
Q

where is the abdominal aorta

A

the continuation of the descending thoracic aorta beginning at the level
of the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus (T12), and running virtually parallel to the inferior vena
cava.

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13
Q

what does the abdominal aorta do

A

. It supplies blood to much of the abdominopelvic cavity and the lower limbs

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14
Q

does the abdominal aorta have bifurcation? if so, where

A

yes, at the level of L4.

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15
Q

where do the left and right common iliac arteries originate from?

A

from the

aortic bifurcation before bifurcating themselves

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16
Q

how long are the left and right common iliac arteries

A

(about 4cm long

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17
Q

where do the left and right common iliac arteries bifurcate?

A

the sacroiliac joint

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18
Q

what do the left and right common iliac arties bifurcate into

A

the external and

internal iliac arteries

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19
Q

anastomosis

A

joining

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20
Q

what do the left and right common iliac veins arise from

A

the anastomosis of the external and

internal iliac veins on either side

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21
Q

what is the inferior vena cava formed from

A

formed by the anastomosis of the right and left common iliac veins

22
Q

levels of the inferior vena cava

A

the level of L5 – runs on right side of vertebral column – is partially embedded in the liver before
passing through the caval opening of the diaphragm at T8, and entering the right atrium

23
Q

Tributaries of the inferior vena cava

A
Renal veins (at the level of L1, drain the
kidney) and the gonadal veins (ovarian/testicular) (at level of L2)
24
Q

what is weird about eh left renal vein?

A

Note the left renal vein often
receives the left gonadal vein in contrast with the right side where the gonadal and other veins
drain directly into the IVC

25
Q

what do the hepatic veins drain from and where does this blood go to

A

(drain blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava)

26
Q

why is The hepatic portal vein not a real vein

A

n as it conducts blood to the capillary bed in the liver and not directly to the heart)

27
Q

what do the hepatic portal veins drain from and where does this blood go to

A

(drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to liver

28
Q

Tributaries of the hepatic portal veins

A

include the splenic vein, superior and inferior mesenteric veins,
gastric veins and cystic veins

29
Q

where does the superior vena cava drain blood from

A

drains blood from the head, neck and upper limbs

30
Q

how is the superior vena cava formed

A

formed by the

union of the brachiocephalic veins.

31
Q

what joins the superior vena cava join before it gets to the right atrium

A

The azygos vein joins it just before it enters the right atrium

32
Q

where does the the azygos vein drain from

A

(drains blood from the posterior intercostal space, the posterior abdominal
wall, pericardium, diaphragm, bronchi and oesophagus in conjunction with the superior
hemiazygos

33
Q

useful landmarks for the identification of the femral artery

A

anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercle and pubic symphysis

34
Q

The internal iliac artery

supplies

A

the pelvic organs and gluteal region (buttock)

35
Q

external iliac mainly supplies

A

the lower limb

36
Q

what is the femoral triangle?

A

a triangular depression at the

front of the thigh made up of the femoral artery and femoral vein

37
Q

what is the popliteal fossa

A

(a diamond shaped

depression behind the knee)

38
Q

what do we find in the middle of the popliteal fossa

A

the popliteal artery and popliteal vein

39
Q

where is the posterior tibial artery

A

behind the medial malleolus

40
Q

where is the dorsalis pedis artery,

A

running distally on the dorsum of the foot between the tendon of
extensor hallucis longus and the medial tendon of extensor digitorum longus

41
Q

landmarks of the radial artery

A

tendon of flexor carpi radialis

42
Q

where is radial artery relative to the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

A

lateral

43
Q

The junction between the internal jugular and subclavian veins to form

A

the

brachiocephalic vein

44
Q

The junction between the right and left brachiocephalic veins to form

A

the superior

vena cava

45
Q

landmark for the facial artery

A

The masseter

muscle forms

46
Q

where does the superficial temporal artery criss the zygomatic arch

A

anterior to the ear

47
Q

Where is the cephalic vein

A

arising from the lateral (thumb side) of the dorsal venous network on the
dorsum (back) of the hand, and running superiorly towards the lateral side of the cubital fossa

48
Q

Where is the basillic vein

A

arising from the medial (little finger side) of the same network and running
superiorly towards the medial side of the cubital fossa

49
Q

greater (long) saphenous vein

A

as it arises from the medial marginal vein (from the most
medial aspect of the dorsal venous network of the foot) and passing anterior to the medial
malleolus as it runs superiorly on the medial aspect of the leg

50
Q

lesser (short) saphenous vein

A

as it arises from the lateral marginal vein (from the most
lateral aspect of the dorsal venous network of the foot), and passing posterior and inferior to the
lateral malleolus as it runs superiorly on the posterior aspect of the leg

51
Q

how to find upper limb veins

A

 Apply a tourniquet to the middle of one arm (at least 4 finger breadths above the cubital fossa -
the depression anterior to the elbow)
 Ask the subject to make a tight fist (using the arm with a tourniquet) then release it, and keep
doing this until the cubital and antecubital (forearm) veins are clearly visible.

52
Q

how to find lower limb veins

A

Apply a tourniquet to the middle of the calf and keep the lower limb on the floor, looking for
the superficial veins on the leg, ankle and foot to become clearly visible.