Gross Anatomy of the Heart and Coronary Circulation Flashcards
what are the four chambers of the heart
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
what are the great vessels of the heart
Aorta Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins
desribe the surface anantomy of the heart
Long axis runs infero-laterally towards left
Right side runs between 3rd & 6th costal cartilages (CC) in parasternal line
Left side runs from 2nd CC to 5th intercostal space (IC) near to midclavicular line
⅓ of heart right of midline
⅔ of heart left of midline
Posterior surface between T5 and T8
what is the pericadial cavity known as and what does it contain
is a potential space normally containing a small amount of serous fluid
true or false, Parietal and visceral pericardium arent continuous
false, Parietal and visceral pericardium are continuous
what is the epicardium the same as
visceral pericardium
layers of the serous pericardium
fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium aka epicardium
layers of the heart
visceral pericardium aka epicardium
myocardium
endocardium
where is the pericardial cavity located
between parietal pericardium and the visceral/epicardium
what are the two sinuses formed as the pericardium wraps around the heart and vessels?
transverse and oblique
what is the aortic knuckle?
contour of the aortic arch seen in an antero-posterior radiograph
what is an auricle
protrusion of the surface wall of each atrium
what does the pulmonary trunk branch into?
left and right pulmonary arteries
desribe the genera structure and function of the atria
Thin-walled
Receiving chambers functioning merely to fill the ventricles
Important in setting cardiac pace (~60 bpm)
desribe the genera structure and function of the ventricle
Main pumping mechanism (discharging chambers)
Thick muscular walls (L>R)
Slow but sure (40 bpm)
what does the crista terminalis do?
separates rough and smooth walls
what does the Sulcus terminalis do?
corresponding on exterior
Empties into RV via tricuspid valve
structure of the the right atrium
Forms right border
SVC, IVC and coronary sinus drain here
Smooth wall = sinus venarum
Rough wall with musculi pectinati
structure of the the left atrium
Forms posterior surface/base of heart
4 pulmonary veins drain here
Smooth and rough areas
through which valve does the left atrium empty?
mitral valve
is the mitral valve bicuspid or tricuspid?
bicuspid, so has two cusps
structure of the the right ventricle
Blood from RA through tricuspid valve
Blood to pulmonary artery via infundibulum (conus arteriosus) and pulmonary valve
main identifiers of the right ventricle
Prominent trabeculae carnae
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula
where does the LV take blood to
Blood from LA through mitral valve
Blood to aorta via aortic valve
main identifiers of the left ventricle
Prominent trabeculae carnae
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
compare the two ventricles
Left ventricle much larger than right ventricle
Left ventricular wall much thicker
what does the semilunar valve not have that many valvues do
chordae tendineae or papillary muscles
what are the semilumar valvues
valves between ventricles and great vessels Pulmonary valve (RV) and aortic valve (LV)
what are the 4 caridac valves
Pulmonary
Aortic
Mitral
Trisuspid
why cant the 4 vavles of the heart be directly aucaltated
All four cardiac valves lie in the same plane
Valves located behind sternum
where are the 4 vavles of the heart aucaltated
auscultated where chamber or vessel receiving blood is closest to the surface
which are the only arteries in the body that actually fill during diastole?
coronary arteries
what about the coronary arteries prevents blood blow to the coronary circulation during systole?
Position of coronary arteries and opening of aortic valve
where does the right coronary artery originate>
right aortic sinus
where does the right coronary atery run down
atrioventricular groove
what does the right coronary artery supply?
Supplies right atrium and ventricle and posterior ⅓ of interventricular septum
Supplies sinoatrial nodal artery (SAN) in 60% of people and atrioventricular nodal branch (AVN) in 80% of people
where does the marginal artery brance of the right coronary artery
branches off along inferior border to apex
what shape do the R coro and magarinal arteries form
L shape
what branches of f the R coro in 85% of people
the posterior decending
where does the left coronary sinus orginate?
Originates from left aortic sinus
what is the diference in size between the LCA and the RCA
Larger but shorter than right CA
describe the bifurcation of the LCA
Bifurcates almost immediately into left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx)
another name for the left antrior descending artery?
anterior interventricular = “widow maker”
what does the LCA supply
left atrium and ventricle and anterior ⅔ of interventricular septum
what is the corronary artery distribution like in the population
Considerable variation in the distribution of coronary arteries amongst the general population
describe the veinous drainage of the heart? naming the vein and its artery
Cardiac veins accompany coronary arteries: Great CV – left anterior descending Middle CV – posterior descending Small CV – marginal artery Oblique CV descends from L atrium
what do the Great, middle, small & oblique drain into and where do they go from there
coronary sinus and then to R atrium
what does the aneterior cardiac vein do
collects blood from R ventricle and drains to R atrium
what does the smallest (thebesian) cardiac vein do
return blood directly to heart chambers
