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Block 2 Anatomy > Gross Anatomy of the Heart and Coronary Circulation > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of the Heart and Coronary Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart

A

Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle

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2
Q

what are the great vessels of the heart

A 
Aorta
 Superior vena cava
 Inferior vena cava
 Pulmonary arteries
 Pulmonary veins
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3
Q

desribe the surface anantomy of the heart

A

Long axis runs infero-laterally towards left

Right side runs between 3rd & 6th costal cartilages (CC) in parasternal line

Left side runs from 2nd CC to 5th intercostal space (IC) near to midclavicular line

⅓ of heart right of midline
⅔ of heart left of midline
Posterior surface between T5 and T8

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4
Q

what is the pericadial cavity known as and what does it contain

A

is a potential space normally containing a small amount of serous fluid

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5
Q

true or false, Parietal and visceral pericardium arent continuous

A

false, Parietal and visceral pericardium are continuous

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6
Q

what is the epicardium the same as

A

visceral pericardium

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7
Q

layers of the serous pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
visceral pericardium aka epicardium

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8
Q

layers of the heart

A

visceral pericardium aka epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

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9
Q

where is the pericardial cavity located

A

between parietal pericardium and the visceral/epicardium

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10
Q

what are the two sinuses formed as the pericardium wraps around the heart and vessels?

A

transverse and oblique

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11
Q

what is the aortic knuckle?

A

contour of the aortic arch seen in an antero-posterior radiograph

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12
Q

what is an auricle

A

protrusion of the surface wall of each atrium

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13
Q

what does the pulmonary trunk branch into?

A

left and right pulmonary arteries

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14
Q

desribe the genera structure and function of the atria

A

Thin-walled
Receiving chambers functioning merely to fill the ventricles
Important in setting cardiac pace (~60 bpm)

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15
Q

desribe the genera structure and function of the ventricle

A

Main pumping mechanism (discharging chambers)
Thick muscular walls (L>R)
Slow but sure (40 bpm)

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16
Q

what does the crista terminalis do?

A

separates rough and smooth walls

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17
Q

what does the Sulcus terminalis do?

A

corresponding on exterior

Empties into RV via tricuspid valve

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18
Q

structure of the the right atrium

A

Forms right border
SVC, IVC and coronary sinus drain here
Smooth wall = sinus venarum
Rough wall with musculi pectinati

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19
Q

structure of the the left atrium

A

Forms posterior surface/base of heart
4 pulmonary veins drain here
Smooth and rough areas

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20
Q

through which valve does the left atrium empty?

A

mitral valve

21
Q

is the mitral valve bicuspid or tricuspid?

A

bicuspid, so has two cusps

22
Q

structure of the the right ventricle

A

Blood from RA through tricuspid valve

Blood to pulmonary artery via infundibulum (conus arteriosus) and pulmonary valve

23
Q

main identifiers of the right ventricle

A

Prominent trabeculae carnae
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula

24
Q

where does the LV take blood to

A

Blood from LA through mitral valve

Blood to aorta via aortic valve

25
Q

main identifiers of the left ventricle

A

Prominent trabeculae carnae

Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

26
Q

compare the two ventricles

A

Left ventricle much larger than right ventricle

Left ventricular wall much thicker

27
Q

what does the semilunar valve not have that many valvues do

A

chordae tendineae or papillary muscles

28
Q

what are the semilumar valvues

A 
valves between ventricles and great vessels
Pulmonary valve (RV) and aortic valve (LV)
29
Q

what are the 4 caridac valves

A

Pulmonary
Aortic
Mitral
Trisuspid

30
Q

why cant the 4 vavles of the heart be directly aucaltated

A

All four cardiac valves lie in the same plane

Valves located behind sternum

31
Q

where are the 4 vavles of the heart aucaltated

A

auscultated where chamber or vessel receiving blood is closest to the surface

32
Q

which are the only arteries in the body that actually fill during diastole?

A

coronary arteries

33
Q

what about the coronary arteries prevents blood blow to the coronary circulation during systole?

A

Position of coronary arteries and opening of aortic valve

34
Q

where does the right coronary artery originate>

A

right aortic sinus

35
Q

where does the right coronary atery run down

A

atrioventricular groove

36
Q

what does the right coronary artery supply?

A

Supplies right atrium and ventricle and posterior ⅓ of interventricular septum

Supplies sinoatrial nodal artery (SAN) in 60% of people and atrioventricular nodal branch (AVN) in 80% of people

37
Q

where does the marginal artery brance of the right coronary artery

A

branches off along inferior border to apex

38
Q

what shape do the R coro and magarinal arteries form

A

L shape

39
Q

what branches of f the R coro in 85% of people

A

the posterior decending

40
Q

where does the left coronary sinus orginate?

A

Originates from left aortic sinus

41
Q

what is the diference in size between the LCA and the RCA

A

Larger but shorter than right CA

42
Q

describe the bifurcation of the LCA

A

Bifurcates almost immediately into left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx)

43
Q

another name for the left antrior descending artery?

A

anterior interventricular = “widow maker”

44
Q

what does the LCA supply

A

left atrium and ventricle and anterior ⅔ of interventricular septum

45
Q

what is the corronary artery distribution like in the population

A

Considerable variation in the distribution of coronary arteries amongst the general population

46
Q

describe the veinous drainage of the heart? naming the vein and its artery

A 
Cardiac veins accompany coronary arteries:
 Great CV – left anterior descending
 Middle CV – posterior descending
 Small CV – marginal artery
Oblique CV descends from L atrium
47
Q

what do the Great, middle, small & oblique drain into and where do they go from there

A

coronary sinus and then to R atrium

48
Q

what does the aneterior cardiac vein do

A

collects blood from R ventricle and drains to R atrium

49
Q

what does the smallest (thebesian) cardiac vein do

A

return blood directly to heart chambers

Block 2 Anatomy (22 decks)

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