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Oc Motility > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

WIT: Allows for rapid change of eye position; fastest speed om eye movement system

A

Saccade

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2
Q

A saccade is a ___ ___ process

A

Gaze Shifting

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3
Q

What are the 3 eye movements to change the angle of gaze?

A
  1. Saccade
  2. Pursuits
  3. Vergence
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4
Q

What area of the brain is for more voluntary forms of saccades?

A

Frontal Cortical

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5
Q

What area of the brain is for more involuntary/reflexive forms of saccade?

A

Parietal cortical

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6
Q

What higher cortical level makes the decision to make saccades?

A

Cortex

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7
Q

What makes the decision to generate pulse and step?

A

Premotor neurons

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8
Q

What higher cortical levels structures are involved in saccades?

A
  1. Frontal Cortex
  2. Parietal Cortex
  3. Thalamus
  4. Superior Colliculus
  5. Basal Ganglia
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9
Q

Lesions of the superior collicculus cause?

A
  1. increased saccadic latency
  2. hypometria
  3. abnormal saccades
  4. decreased saccadic speed
  5. can’t make express saccades
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10
Q

This provides the decision to generate saccades made to novel stimuli which catches one’s attention in periphery

A

Parietal Cortex

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11
Q

What are the 3 premotor neurons?

A
  1. Burst
  2. Tonic
  3. Pause
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12
Q

WIT: Projects to oculomotor neurons causing a phasic contraction of EOMs to moves eyes quickly to new angle

A

Burst Neurons - sends pulse signal

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13
Q

Horizontal EBN are where?

A

Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF)

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14
Q

Horizontal IBN are where?

A

Medullary Reticular Formation (MRF) in rostral medulla

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15
Q

Vertical EBN are where?

A

Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF (riMLF)

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16
Q

Vertical IBN are where?

A

INC and riMLF

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17
Q

Unilateral lesion of the PPRF leads to deficit of saccade to the ______ side.

A

ipsilateral

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18
Q

Vertical saccade palsy is caused by a lesion where?

A

riMLF

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19
Q

Slow horizontal saccade is caused by a lesion where?

A

in the PPRF

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20
Q

Niemann-Pick type C disease is due to an impaired _____, causing a curved trajectory

A

Vertical Saccade

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21
Q

Tonic step command sends a step signal to do what?

A

hold the eye in position after the burst

22
Q

NPH and MVN as horizontal neural integrators, integrate the __ signal to a ___ signal.

A

burst signal into a step signal

23
Q

Where are the omni pause neurons located?

A

Nucleus raphe interpositus

24
Q

WIT: Pauses to allow saccade to occur; only after inhibited can burst neurons be activated to produce the pulse signal

A

Omni Pause Neurons

25
Q

When are pause neurons fired?

A

During fixation (we don’t want the eye to move during this time)

26
Q

Lesions involving pause nerons lead to what?

A
  1. Saccadic intrusions/inappropriate saccades
27
Q

What controls saccadic accuracy, the dynamics and initiation of saccades and saccadic adaptation?

A

Cerebellum

28
Q

What 2 things calibrate saccadic amplitude?

A
  1. Dorsal Vermis
  2. Fastigial Nucleus
  • tells how far to move the eye
29
Q

What calibrates the pulse-step match?

A

Flocculus

30
Q

What 5 things do you look for when clinically examining saccades?

A
  1. Latency
  2. Velocity
  3. Trajectory
  4. Accuracy
  5. Conjugacy
31
Q

Saccades are slower if made in the darkness. What two types of saccades are the slowest?

A
  1. Anti-saccades

2. Memory guided

32
Q

Saccades of the ____ eye tend to be larger faster and more skewed than saccades of the ____ eye.

A

abducting

adducting

33
Q

Saccades usually begin within ___ msecs

A

200 msecs

34
Q

Express saccades ONLY occur in which paradigm?

A

gap paradigm

~100msecs

35
Q

What is the speed-accuracy trade off?

A

Latency increases if accuracy is desired

36
Q

When you make a saccade, your vision is not blurred due to?

A

Saccadic Omission

37
Q

What are the 2 types of saccadic omission that prevent blurring of the vision?

A
  1. Saccadic Suppression

2. Saccadic Masking

38
Q

WIT: Reduction in visual sensitivity during eye movement

A

Saccadic suppression

39
Q

WIT: Reduction in ability to detect blur because multiple images are experienced within a short time, creating “noise”.

A

Saccadic Masking

40
Q

What is the role of saccadic omission in reading?

A

Prevent blur & incoherent sentences

41
Q

Normometria = ?

A

Accurate Saccade

42
Q

Hypermetria = ?

A

Overshoot

43
Q

Hypometria = ?

A

Undershoot

44
Q

What are the non-pathologic factors that affect saccadic accuracy?

A
  1. Size/Brightness of Target
  2. Tiredness (glissades are found)
  3. Age - usually undershoot
45
Q

WIT: Anomalies in muscular activity in which errors of accuracy or force occur

A

Saccadic Dysmetria

46
Q

What are the 3 types of saccadic dysmetria?

A
  1. Static
  2. Glissadic
  3. Post-saccadic drift
  4. Dynamic overshoot
47
Q

In hypometria, what is too small? Is this normal?

A

The step signal.

Yes. 10% is normal

48
Q

In hypermetria, what is too large? is this normal?

A

Step signal is too large.

No this is not normal

49
Q

Glissadic hypometria is caused by what? What disease is an example?

A
  1. Error in the pulse signal, pulse is too small to move the eyes toward target
  2. INO - adduction deficit
50
Q

Glissadic hypermetria is caused by what?

A

Error in pulse signal, pulse is too large

51
Q

WIT: Inaccuracy in saccadic generator

A

post-saccadic drift

52
Q

WIT: Reversal in central saccadic command

A

Dynamic overshoot

Oc Motility (10 decks)

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