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Oc Motility > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 otolith organs?

A
  1. Utricle

2. Saccule

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2
Q

What are the names of the 3 semi-circular canals

A
  1. Horizontal (Lateral)
  2. Anterior (Superior)
  3. Posterior
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3
Q

Semi-Circular Canals sense what type of acceleration?

A

Angular Acceleration - moving head to side to side

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4
Q

Otolith Organs sense what type of acceleration? Give 2 examples

A

Linear acceleration

  1. Changing head position from laying to standing
  2. Gravity change, riding on elevator
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5
Q

What are the two structures inside the SCC?

A

Ampula and Cupula

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6
Q

What structure contains the hair cells?

A

Cupula

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7
Q

What is present in the utricle and saccule that contain crystals and allow one to judge gravity?

A

Macula

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8
Q

WIT: A swelling at the entrance of each Semi-circular canal? What does it contain?

A

Ampula, contains a cupula

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9
Q

What specific feature causes the SCCs to only be responsive to angular acceleration?

A

The cupula and endolymph are the same density

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10
Q

Stimulation from sterocilia to kinocilia = ?

A

Excitatory,

  • depolarization causing increased firing of VN
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11
Q

Stimulation from kinocilia to sterocilia = ?

A

inhibitory

-hyperpolarization, decreased firing of CN

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12
Q

What is the 3 neuron arc for horizontal VOR?

A
  1. SCC
  2. Vestibular Nuclei
  3. OMN (abducens + oculomoter)
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13
Q

The head velocity signal is generated by what?

A

SCC

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14
Q

What are the neural integrators for horizontal conjugate eye movements?

A

MCN

NPH

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15
Q

The utricle presents on what plane?

A

Horizontal Plane

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16
Q

The saccule presents on what plane?

A

Vertical Plane

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17
Q

The presence of what increases the density of the gelatinous material of the macula, allowing for gravitational changes to be sensed?

A

Calcium Carbonate Crystals (called Otoconia)

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18
Q

Translational VOR is induced when stimulated by what otolith?

A

Utricle

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19
Q

Ocular Counter-Rolling is indiced by the stimulation by which otolith?

A

Saccule

20
Q

What specific sensory structures are being activated when riding in an elevator?

A

t-VOR, utricle

21
Q

What is themost common cause of dizziness? What is this called?

A

When calcium carbonate crystals from utricle migrate into the posterior SCC

BPPV = Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

22
Q

Kinocilia of the Utricle are oriented where?

A

Towards the striola in the center

23
Q

Kinocilia of the Saccule are oriented where?

A

Away from the striola/center,

24
Q

What are the 3 parts of the 8th cranial nerve?

A
  1. Cochlear
  2. Inferior vestibular
  3. Superior vestibular
25
Q

The inferior vestibular portion of the 8th CN contains what 2 things?

A

Saccule

Posterior SCC

26
Q

The superior vestibular portion of the 8th CN contains what 3 things?

A

Utricle

Horizontal and Anterior SCC

27
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the vestibular nuclei?

A
  1. Medial
  2. Lateral
  3. Descending/Inferior
  4. Superior
28
Q

Intrinsic connections within the vestibular nuclei are connections between subdivisions. They do not cross the ____.

A

midline

29
Q

Commissural connections within the VN do cross the ___

A

midline

30
Q

This is the largest vestibular nucleus. Large concentration of vestibular ocular neurons.

A

Medial vestibular nucleus.

31
Q

This vestibular nucleus contains incoming projections from the vestibular nerve.

A

Lateral VN

32
Q

This VN contains commissural fiber connections through the midline of the structure. It also has vestibular ocular projections.

A

Superior VN

33
Q

This VN has fiber bundles from the cerebellum of the inferior olive

A

Descending/inferior VN

34
Q

Who’s law: head motion in one direction causes endolymph in the SCC to move in the opposite direction

A

Ewalds Second Law

35
Q

What type of head movement dominates head velocity?

A

VOR dominant primary

36
Q

Postural control need what 3 things?

A
  1. Vestibular
  2. Visual
  3. Somatosensory (info coming from bottom of feet)
37
Q

What are the 3 major functions of the vestibulospinal reflexes?

A
  1. Maintain posture
  2. Produce kinetic contractions of muscles
  3. Maintain muscular tone
38
Q

What are the 3 vestibular nuclei of the spinal tract?

A
  1. Medial VS Tract
  2. Lateral VS Tract
  3. Reticulospinal Tract
39
Q

The pyramidal system of the cerebral Cortex does what 3 things?

A
  1. Fine motor skills
  2. Volitional movements
  3. Control over upper extremities more than lower
40
Q

The extrapyramidal system of the cerebral Cortex does what 2 things?

A
  1. Large reflexive movements

2. Postural adjustments.

41
Q

The purpose of the myotic reflex system is to regulate muscle force and to maintain stability around a joint. It’s triggered by external stimuli. Shows fixed behavior. What controls this reflex?

A

Spinal Cord

42
Q

The functional stretch response coordinates limb and trunk movements around a joint; balances the 1st line of defense; Highly adaptable. What controls this response?

A

Brainstem and (sub)cortical

43
Q

Volitional movements are self generated, learned, purposeful movements. What controls this movement ?

A

Cortical.

- also has contributions from the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems

44
Q

Where do mossy fibers arise from?

A

From brainstem and spinal cord

45
Q

Where do climbing fibers arise from? What do they create?

A

Arise from inferior olive

Creates powerful excitatory response from purkinje cells

46
Q

The flocculonodular system is part of the cerebellum. What is its function?

A

Helps in recovery and compensation

Oc Motility (10 decks)

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