Week 4

Question 1

What is a secondary outcome?

Answer 1

Other outcomes of intrest.

Question 2

What are the 5 things make a ‘appropriate’ outcome?

Answer 2

1. Meaningful
2. Measurable
3. Responsive
4. Valid
5. Reliable

Question 3

What is reliability?

Answer 3

Whether repeated measurement or assessments will provide a consistent result in same circumstances.

Question 4

What is validity?

Answer 4

Do you measure what you intend to measure

Question 5

What is internal validity?

Answer 5

Study results legitimate because of the way study is conducted

Question 6

What is external validity?

Answer 6

Whether results are transferable to other groups

Question 7

What is external validity?

Answer 7

Generalisability

Question 8

What’s the effect of not being internal validity?

Answer 8

You cannot have external validity

Question 9

What does it mean if a outcome is meaningful?

Answer 9

Outcomes are credible, meaningful and related to the issue

Question 10

What does it mean if a outcome is measurable?

Answer 10

Amendable to dependable measurement in some way

Question 11

What does it mean if a outcome is responsive?

Answer 11

Change that occurs is demonstrated in outcome measure.

Question 12

What are the 6 threats to Internal Validity?

Answer 12

1. History
2. Maturation
3. Testing
4. Instrumentation
5. Mortality
6. Selection Bias

Question 13

What are the 3 threats to external validity?

Answer 13

1. Selection effects
2. Reactive effects
3. Measurement effects

Question 14

What is a ‘history’ a threat for and why?

Answer 14

Internal validity, events happening outside of a study.

Question 15

What is a ‘maturation’ a threat for and why?

Answer 15

Internal validity - changes over time

Question 16

What is. ‘Testing’ a threat for and why?

Answer 16

Internal Validity - change due to experience of test

Question 17

What is the main outcome for a study called?

Answer 17

Primary outcome