Week 4

Question 1

Cardioversion therapy can be used to treat?

Answer 1

atrial-related causes of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation. It involves external shock therapy to the chest to restore normal cardiac rhythm

Question 2

A dual wire pacemaker places tips in the

Answer 2

RA & RV

Question 3

What are cardiac ablation treatments?

Answer 3

Used for arrhythmias

Question 4

Cardiac arrythmia of bradycardia involve

Answer 4

SA and AV nodes

Question 5

life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia

Answer 5

Ventricular fibrillation (Vfib)

Question 6

Complication of atrial fibrillation

Answer 6

atrial emboli formation

Question 7

Tachycardia vs bradycardia and numbers associated

Answer 7

Tachycardia - high rate-over 100 bpm
Bradycardia - low rate-less than 60 bpm

Question 8

A longer PR interval?

Answer 8

AV node block

Question 9

A widened QRS complex

Answer 9

ventricular hypertrophy, paced rhythm, and pacemaker is paced rhythm node.

Question 10

QRX complex

Answer 10

depolarization of ventricular muscle

Question 11

What is the normal flow of electrical impulses through the cardiac conduction system

Answer 11

The SA node makes the atrial muscles contract, signal travels to the AV node, through the bundle of HIS, down the bundle branches, and through the Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract.

Question 12

This resting membrane potential is maintained by an active transport mechanism called

Answer 12

the sodium-potassium ion pump.

Question 13

Repolarization is

Answer 13

the cardiac cell’s return to its normal resting membrane potential

Question 14

Adequate perfusion of human tissue generally requires?

Answer 14

systolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg

Question 15

Inform the patient’s nurse anytime a catheter or line appears loose.

(comment)

Answer 15

comment

Question 16

Swan-Gans Catheter vs. Central Venous (CV) catheter

Answer 16

Swan-Gans cath is a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) that is inserted in the pulmonary artery to directly measure pressures in the right side of the heart and cardiac output. CV is placed in a large vein near the heart usually to deliver meds and fluids-also tells what central venous pressure is

Question 17

In the correct placement of a CV line, using a right-sided approach, the catheter tip should not cross the midline and should be located in the superior vena cava.

(comment)

Answer 17

comment

Question 18

Cardiac arrest, check pulse where on a patient?

Answer 18

Carotid artery

Question 19

Pneumothorax and tubes used?

Answer 19

Pneumothorax=collapsed lung. Chest tube (thoracostomy tube) is used

Question 20

Thoracostomy tubes are used to?

Answer 20

I.e. chest tube used to drain fluid from pleural space, remove air from pleural space, deliver medications to pleural space (sometimes)

Question 21

CV line placement complications

Answer 21

catheter dislodgment and occlusions resulting from the accumulation of blood clots or drug precipitates.

Question 22

Preferred location of CV line tip?

Answer 22

superior vena cava, approximately 2 to 3 cm above the right atrial junction

Question 23

Ideal location of ET tip (endotracheal tube)

Answer 23

Mid tracheal point(T1-T2)

Question 24

Do not remove oxygen when taking an x-ray with a patient on oxygen therapy

(comment)

Answer 24

(comment)

Question 25

What is hypoxia?

Answer 25

an inadequate amount of oxygen at the cellular (tissue) level. Reduced oxygen supply to tissue

Question 26

2 supplies needed to measure blood pressure?

Answer 26

blood pressure cuff & stethoscope

Question 27

most accurate way to detect temperature

Answer 27

Rectal thermometer

Question 28

The flow rate of oxygen given?

Answer 28

Liters per min

Question 29

What is High-flow oxygen, and what is used to deliver it?

Answer 29

Flow rate that meets or exceeds the patient’s peak inspiratory flow. Delivered through Air-entrapment or blending system is used (pg 206)

Question 30

Systolic/Diastolic

Answer 30

systolic is peak pressure during contraction of the heart; diastolic is the measure of the constant pressure on the arterial vessels walls when the heart is relaxed (pg 202)

Question 31

Define bradypnea

Answer 31

abnormal slowness of breathing (pg 197)

Question 32

Know all that applies to respiratory measurements

Answer 32

Rate Depth Pattern Respiratory rate for adults averages 12 to 20 breaths/min Adult respiration quality refers to the rhythm, depth and degree of effort Respiratory rates in children should be measured for at least one minute, may alter if the patient is supine Note: The last three were highlighted in the slides

Question 33

Temporal artery temperature of 100 degrees = normal (comment)

Answer 33

comment

Question 34

What is a pulse oximeter?

Answer 34

Measures oxygen levels within the body and heart rate

Question 35

Body homeostasis and a key strength of using vital signs as an indicator of homeostasis is that they?.

Answer 35

Vital signs assessment is objective, non-invasive, and quick

Question 36

Adequate breathing consists of

Answer 36

Adult respiration quality refers to the rhythm, depth and degree of effort

Question 37

The usual vital signs measured include?

Answer 37

Blood pressure/pulse/blood oxygen levels/respiration rate/temperature

Question 38

What is a Geiger-Muller counter?

Answer 38

measures radiation present

Question 39

What is a pocket dosimeter?

Answer 39

Shows radiation absorbed

Question 40

When laser light stimulates the sensing material in an OSL, the aluminum oxide material luminescence in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received (comment)

Answer 40

comment

Question 41

If a technologist stands 2 m from an X-ray table and receives an exposure rate of 4 mR/hh, the exposure rate would be 1 mR/h if the person stands 4 m from the table. (comment)

Answer 41

comment

Question 42

The monthly equivalent dose to the embryo or fetus does not exceed 0.5mSv; 0.05rem (comment)

Answer 42

comment

Question 43

What is ALARA?

Answer 43

As Low As Reasonably Achievable (pg 99) keep radiation levels as low as you can

Question 44

What is the function of an X-ray beam filter?

Answer 44

selectively absorbing low-energy photons from the X-ray beam The radiographic beam should be no larger than the image receptor

Question 45

Acute Radiation Syndrome stages (in order) and what is associated with each

Answer 45

-1)Prodromal phase- nausea/vomiting/diarrhea 2)Latent period changes are happening, but they feel fine 3)Manifest stage- feel full effects of exposure. They either recover or die (pg 122)

Question 46

Indirect action of ionizing radiation

Answer 46

most prevalent and most harmful to the body

Question 47

What is photoelectric absorption?

Answer 47

Photoelectric absorption occurs when an incoming x-ray photon strikes an inner shell electron and ejects it from its orbit around the nucleus of the atom, creating an ion pair.

Question 48

What is the law of Bergonie and Tribondeau?

Answer 48

Cellular radiosensitivity is principally a result of the rate and duration of cellular mitosis. Modified to take into account the time interval in the cell life cycle, the ionizing event occurred

Question 49

What is photoelectric interaction?

Answer 49

A process where a photon completely transfers its energy to an electron within an atom, causing the electron to be ejected from the atom.

Question 50

Material commonly used to shield?

Answer 50

Lead apron

Question 51

A given dose of radiation generally has the greatest potential for damage in tissues that have more rapidly dividing cells. (comment)

Answer 51

comment

Question 52

What is occupational exposure?

Answer 52

Exposure that happens at work