Week 4

Question 1

Primary vs secondary sources?

Answer 1

primary: FIRSTHAND accounts (created by PEOPLE INVOLVED in relevant events), usually created AT THE TIME of an event, provide DIRECT evidence ex. speeches, interviews. etc.

secondary: NOT firsthand, created AFTER the TIME, INTERPRET PRIMARY sources ex. newspaper articles, academic journals

Question 2

single-blind vs double-blind peer-review?

Answer 2

single: AUTHORS DON’T KNOW who the reviewers are, but REVIEWERS KNOW who authors are (idea that authors SHOULDN’T RETALIATE if they get bad reviews)

double: AUTHORS AND REVIEWERS DON’T KNOW who each other are, only EDITORS DO (considered ‘right’)

Question 3

what are the 3 options editors have when looking at a peer-reviewed work?

Answer 3

1. REJECT it
2. have it REVISED and RESUBMITTED
3. ACCEPTED as is (rare)

Question 4

what are the 4 types of peer-reviewed sources?

Answer 4

1. ACADEMIC BOOKS: published by a UNIVERSITY PRESS, common set of authors, Single Blind, 50,000+ words
2. CHAPTERS in edited BOOKS: DIFFERENT AUTHORS for diff. chapters, SB, 6,000-8,000 words
3. JOURNAL ARTICLES: DIFFERENT AUTHORS for diff. articles, DB, 7,000-12,000 words
4. RESEARCH NOTES: ‘SHORT PAPER’ in journals, DB, 2,500-4,000 words, treated like articles (ex. citations)
   *note: some publications (ex. book reviews, op-eds) won’t be peer-reviewed

Question 5

what are the 3 discussed approaches to searching for sources?

Answer 5

KEYWORD searches (google scholar, omni, etc.), BACKWARD citation (getting sources from RELEVANT sources you ALREADY HAVE), and FORWARD citation (look at WHO IS CITING a source you are ALREADY USING)

Question 6

what are the 4 main reasons citing sources is important to research?

Answer 6

GIVES CREDIT to others ideas (prevents plagiarism), SUPPORTS CLAIMS (back up your argument with evidence), assist readers in FINDING SOURCES (lets other researchers find info. easier), SIGNALLING MEMBERSHIP in a scholarly community (shows you are part of the community, use the same sources as others in it)

Question 7

~notes and bibliography vs parenthetical author-date citations?

Answer 7

NB: citations in FOOTNOTES or ENDNOTES
PA: put LAST NAME (ex. Pirie, 2024)
political research prefers PA

Question 8

~what are the 3 general rules about academic citations?

Answer 8

1. be CLEAR whether you are citing a sources MAIN POINT/ ARGUMENT, or DETAILS (no pg.# for p/a)
2. MUST CITE PG# in IN-TEXT citations when QUOTING
3. EVERYTHING you cite IN-TEXT MUST be in the REFERENCE LIST (& don’t cite general knowledge)

Question 9

global vs local reading comprehension?

Answer 9

global: understanding the GENERAL MEANING of what you are reading (main arguments, points, concepts, claims, etc.
local: paying attention to SPECIFIC DETAILS of what you are reading
always read globally first, then locally

Question 10

what are the 7 parts of an article?

Answer 10

ABSTRACT: article SUMMARY
INTRO: RESEARCH QUESTION, contributions, etc.
LITERATURE REVIEW: theory/ hypothesis, useful to UNDERSTAND RESEARCH done on a topic and its HISTORY
CASE SELECTION: WHY they chose it
DATA and METHODS: HOW they DID the research
RESULTS: what they LEARNED
CONC: SUMMARY of FINDINGS

Question 11

whats the AIC method?

Answer 11

ABSTRACT-INTRODUCTION-CONCLUSION: read abstract first (if not relevant, go to next source), read intro. (if not relevant, go to next source), read conclusion, only read full article if you conclude its relevant

Question 12

what citation style do we use in this class?

Answer 12

CHICAGO style