Week 4 Flashcards
What is the purpose of the Binomial Test?
To determine if the sample frequency of a two-category variable differs significantly from a known or hypothesized population frequency.
What conditions must be met to use the Binomial Test?
At least 10 independent observations are required.
How do you interpret the p-value in a Binomial Test?
If p < 0.05, the result is significant, indicating a difference from the expected proportions.
What does the Sign Test compare?
It compares two conditions in a repeated-measures design, focusing on the direction of change rather than the magnitude
When is the Sign Test used?
When measuring the direction of change (improvement or decline) in the same participants under two conditions.
What is the purpose of the Chi-Square Test of Association?
To test if two categorical variables are independent or associated.
What is the null hypothesis (H0) in a Chi-Square Test of Association?
H0 states that the two variables are independent and do not influence each other.
What does the Chi-square formula χ 2=∑ (O−E)/ E^2 calculate?
The difference between observed and expected frequencies to determine if an association exists.
How are degrees of freedom (df) calculated for a Chi-Square Test?
df=(R−1)×(C−1), where R is the number of rows and C is the number of columns
How is effect size measured in a Chi-Square Test of Association?
Using Cramér’s V, with values closer to 1 indicating a stronger association.
What steps are taken to conduct a Chi-Square Test in JASP?
1) Input data in a .csv file, 2) Select Frequencies > Contingency Tables, 3) Choose Chi-Square and effect size options
What do you conclude if the Chi-square value is greater than the critical value?
The null hypothesis is rejected, indicating a significant association between variables.
In what type of research is the Binomial Test commonly used?
Research with binary outcomes, such as yes/no or success/failure categories.
How is the Sign Test applied in JASP?
It uses the same procedure as the Binomial Test, focusing on the direction of change in paired data.
What does a non-significant result in the Chi-Square Test indicate?
It suggests no significant association, meaning the variables are likely independent.
