Week 4 Flashcards
What is the modal model of memory ?
- Describes how information gets passed on from one system to the next
- Sensory memory - domains (what we see, hear, etc)
- Short-Term memory - what we pay attention to
- Info from the s.t.m gets rehearsed (repeated) and then gets encoded (transfered or stamped) into our long-term memory
What did Sperling show us ?
- Whole Report - we may not be getting to it quickly enough (the botom 2 rows)
- Immediate Partial report - more being registered, but can’t get to it quickly either
- Delayed Partial report - getting just as much as the whole report (so not that much)
- Overall, showed us that visual sensory memort lasts a short amount of time (~2 sec) and then it goes away
How did Brown demonstrate that Short-term memory decays over time ?
- Browns task was for people to see 3 letters and then 3 digits and then were told to count backwards by 3’s from the 3 digit number and then were stopped and asked to recall the 3 lettters they saw
- Each trial was 3-18 seconds, the longer it took for them to be asked to recall the letters, the worse they got at recalling the letters
- Brown found that short-term memeory lasts about 20 seconds but TIME HAS NOTHING TO DO W/ FORGETTING!
What did Keppel and Underwood show us about short-term memory and interference ?
- Followed up on Brown and made people focus solely on the first row of letters and numbers and the delay was also random
- Found that when asked to solely focus on the first row, people performed better b/w a 3 second and 18 sec delay in comparison to Brown (first trial)
- Argued that when doing a task repeatedly, the longer the delay -> more chance of prior info getting in the way of what you want to remember (interference)
What is short-term memory ?
System that stores small amounts of information for breif periods of time
What is the capacity of short-term memory ?
7+/-2 (5 to 9 units is avg)
What is chunking ?
Take units of info and put them together in a meaningful way
How does the concept of working memory build on the concept of short-term memory ?
- Working memory: limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information
- In s.t memory info also gets temporarily stored but w.m lasts longer and info also gets manipulated
What are the components of Braddely’s model ?
- Phonological loop: how we process verbal info
- Visuospatial sketchpad: how we process visual and spatial info
- Episodic buffer: influence of long-term memory into working memory
- Central Executive: coordinate behaviour to control how much visual spatial processing and verbal processing one needs to engage in
What are the 3 things under phonological loop ?
- Phonological similarity effect - errors we make based on what sounds similar. not if they look similar (verbal)
- Word-Length effect - harder to take in longer words and words w/ more syllables since they take up more space
- Articulatory Suppression - 2 verbal competing messages and interference w/ one another causes you not be focus on the thing you want to focus on
Which part of working memory is mental rotation relevant to ?
Visuospatial sketchpad
To what extent do verbal and visuo-spatial info intefere w/ one another ?
- When we’re engaging in visual spatial processing, doing a secondary verbal task doesn’t interfere with their ability to complete those things.
- In exclusively visual or spatial tasks, we won’t get any interference, but most tasks that we’re going to do will have some component of visual spatial processing and some verbal component to it as well
Why does brain training programs like Luminosity not work ?
- There is no evidence supporting luminosity and it improving your brain; training does not genrealize
- Simply become better at their games but that doesn’t transfer to the real world
