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KNPE327 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we care about VO2max?

A

Higher VO2max= reduced risk of all-cause mortality

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2
Q

How does VO2 max predict performance?

A

General pop–> valuable indicator of performance (wide range of fitness levels)
Elite athletes–> All other variables determine performance

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3
Q

What is VO2max?

A

Measurement of the maximum rate of oxygen consumption by an individual using oxidative phosphorylation within the mitochondria
*best measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness

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4
Q

What is VO2 max maximal activity of?

A

Heart, lungs, circulation and diffusion of O2 into active tissue

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5
Q

VO2max- activity of heart

A

CO (LV pumping blood)

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6
Q

VO2max- activity of lungs

A

O2 diffusion into blood

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7
Q

VO2max- activity of circulation

A

O2 carrying capacity as determined by Hb conc

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8
Q

VO2max- activity of diffusion

A

Diffusion of O2 into active muscle–>CapD (K) and mito capacity (Plo)

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9
Q

How does training improve the factors leading to VO2max?

A

-Improved activity of heart (Increases CO)
-Improves O2 carrying capacity
-Improved CapD and mito capacity

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10
Q

Can training improve VO2 max?

A

Yes but there is a limit to how high we can push VO2max through training alone

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11
Q

What physiological change doesn’t occur with training?

A

No changes to lungs

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12
Q

How does David Roche suppose we can augment performance once we reach VO2 limit?

A
  • sodium bicarbonate
  • downhill running
  • high-carb fuelling
  • super shoes
  • post-exercise exogenous ketones
  • heat training
  • caffeine
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13
Q

Types of doping

A
  1. Asthma medication
  2. Blood doping
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14
Q

Doping- asthma medication

A

Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) help open airways (dilation of bronchioles to increase O2 diffusion into blood)

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15
Q

Impact of SABAs

A

Minimal impact on performance or VO2max in healthy athletes

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16
Q

Types of blood doping

A
  1. IV infusion
  2. EPO supplementation
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17
Q

Impact of blood doping

A

Very effective; Increases BV to increase CO and Hb to increase O2 carrying capacity

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18
Q

Relative energy deficiency syndrome (REDS)

A

-Overtraining
-Reduced performance and no training adaptations
-Sometimes not about the training but rather about fueling w nutrition

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19
Q

How can we measure VO2max?

A

Step test
–>Incremental test
–>RAMP test

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20
Q

Step test

A

Sequential steps of increasing intensity; allows to us to determine VO2max by seeing at which point there is an inability to increase VO2, despite increases in WR

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21
Q

Plateau in VO2

A

Despite increases in power output/WR, there are no further increases in VO2

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22
Q

Incremental test

A

Step test w no rest btwn increasing intensities
ie. bike and treadmill test

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23
Q

RAMP test

A

Constantly gradually increasing intensity

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24
Q

VO2 peak

A

Highest (peak) VO2 observed during an incremental/RAMP protocol; not necessarily the max, need another test to confirm

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25
Q

What would the minimum intensity be for a confirmation stage?

A

1 W above CP–> must be IN severe intensity domain

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26
Q

When is VO2 peak equal to VO2 max?

A

Almost always, but you can’t call it VO2 max unless you actually confirm it (confirmation stage )

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27
Q

How can you find VO2 max without directly testing it?

A
  1. Aerobic power
  2. Prediction equations
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28
Q

Example of an aerobic power test

A

Incremental treadmill test to see how long people last (time to fatigue)= aerobic power

29
Q

Aerobic power

A

Highest power supported by aerobic metabolism
Can can be used to predict mortality risk
Correlates with VO2 max

30
Q

Example of how a prediction equation can be developed

A

Measuring peak WR and corresponding VO2 to develop a prediction equation to estimate VO2 max

31
Q

Prediction equation for VO2 max

A

VO2= 500(estimated resting VO2) + (WR (Watts) * 10mL/Watt)

32
Q

Are prediction equations accurate?

A

There are inaccuracies when estimating using prediction equations but if you understand them you can still use the equations

33
Q

WRpeak

A

Highest WR in RAMP or incremental test

34
Q

Is WR max seen on an incremental test?

A

NO, its WRpeak

35
Q

What does a higher WRpeak mean?

A

Longer time on treadmill= higher VO2 max

36
Q

How can we determine performance?

A

WR (W)/ bodyweight (kg)

37
Q

What terms are synonymous with VO2max?

A

Cardiorespiratory endurance, aerobic capacity, or cardiorespiratory fitness

38
Q

Factors that influence a participant’s VO2max

A
  • heredity
  • sex
  • age
  • training status
  • mode of exercise
39
Q

Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) each stage duration

A

1-3 min

40
Q

What is a steady state in the CPET?

A

Point where aerobic metabolism contributes 100% of the energy requirement at a given absolute intensity

41
Q

How long is total testing time for a CPET?

A

8-15min

42
Q

Criteria to determine if VO2max has been met

A
  1. Vo2 plateaus (increases <150ml/min) despite an increase in WR
  2. HR during the last stage is no more than 10bpm below the participant’s age-predicted maximal heart rate
  3. Respiratory exchange ratio is greater then 1.1 in final work state
  4. Rating of perceived exertion is greater than 17 on Borg scale
43
Q

How many of the criteria for VO2 max must be met?

A

2/4

44
Q

Ventilatory threshold (VT)

A

The point where ventilation increases disproportionately to oxygen consumption

45
Q

Pattern of VO2 during CPET

A

Linear function of power output up to VO2max

46
Q

Pattern of ventilation during CPET

A

Linear only during exercise requiring approximately 55 –75% VO2 max and after this point, VE increases at a steeper rate

47
Q

Between which domains does VT1 occur?

A

Moderate and heavy

48
Q

Between which domains does VT2 occur?

A

Heavy and severe

49
Q

Why does ventilation increase more steeply in the heavy- compared to moderate intensity domain

A

Increased anaerobic metabolism (glycogen usage)
Greater flux through PDH results in an increase in the VCO2/VO2 ratio

50
Q

Why does ventilation increase even more steeply from heavy to severe intensity domain?

A

Further increases in VCO2 via bicarbonate buffering of H+ to CO2

51
Q

RER in moderate intensity

A

0.8

52
Q

RER in heavy intensity domain

A

0.9-1.0

53
Q

CHO RER in severe intensity domain

A

> 1.0

54
Q

FFA RER in severe intensity domain

A

0.7

55
Q

How to calculate RER

A

VCO2/VO2

56
Q

What happens to RER if VCO2 increases?

A

RER increases

57
Q

What happens to RER if VO2 increases?

A

RER decreases

58
Q

VO2 max prediction ACSM equation- running

A

VO2MAX= (0.2 x speed) + (0.9 x speed x functional grade%) + 3.5

59
Q

VO2 max prediction ACSM equation- walking

A

VO2MAX= (0.1 x speed) + (1.8 x speed x functional grade%) + 3.5

60
Q

VO2 max prediction FRIEND equation

A

VO2max= speed x (0.17 + fractional grade x 0.79) + 3.5

61
Q

Units for VO2max

A

mL/kg/min

62
Q

What does the ventilatory threshold indicate?

A

Abrupt increase in blood lactate and decrease in blood pH

63
Q

Ventilation and ability to speak

A

Moderate–> can talk
Heavy–> out of breath
Severe–> cant talk

64
Q

Factors that effect Vo2 max - heredity

A

25-50% is considered genetic

65
Q

Factors that effect Vo2 max - sex

A

Male values 15-20% higher

66
Q

Factors that effect Vo2 max - age

A

Declines 8% per decade from age 20 on

67
Q

Factors that effect Vo2 max - training status

A

Possible 6-25% improvement with training

68
Q

Factors that effect Vo2 max - mode of exercise

A

More muscle recruitment= greater VO2 max values

KNPE327 (10 decks)

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