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KNPE327 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we care about VO2max?

A

Higher VO2max= reduced risk of all-cause mortality

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2
Q

How does VO2 max predict performance?

A

General pop–> valuable indicator of performance (wide range of fitness levels)
Elite athletes–> All other variables determine performance

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3
Q

What is VO2max?

A

Measurement of the maximum rate of oxygen consumption by an individual using oxidative phosphorylation within the mitochondria
*best measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness

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4
Q

What is VO2 max maximal activity of?

A

Heart, lungs, circulation and diffusion of O2 into active tissue

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5
Q

VO2max- activity of heart

A

CO (LV pumping blood)

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6
Q

VO2max- activity of lungs

A

O2 diffusion into blood

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7
Q

VO2max- activity of circulation

A

O2 carrying capacity as determined by Hb conc

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8
Q

VO2max- activity of diffusion

A

Diffusion of O2 into active muscle–>CapD (K) and mito capacity (Plo)

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9
Q

How does training improve the factors leading to VO2max?

A

-Improved activity of heart (Increases CO)
-Improves O2 carrying capacity
-Improved CapD and mito capacity

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10
Q

What physiological change doesn’t occur with training?

A

No changes to lungs

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11
Q

Types of doping

A
  1. Asthma medication
  2. Blood doping
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12
Q

Doping- asthma medication

A

Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) help open airways (dilation of bronchioles to increase O2 diffusion into blood)

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13
Q

Impact of SABAs

A

Minimal impact on performance or VO2max in healthy athletes

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14
Q

Types of blood doping

A
  1. IV infusion
  2. EPO supplementation
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15
Q

Impact of blood doping

A

Very effective; Increases BV to increase CO and Hb to increase O2 carrying capacity

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16
Q

Relative energy deficiency syndrome (REDS)

A

-Overtraining
-Reduced performance and no training adaptations
-Sometimes not about the training but rather about fueling w nutrition

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17
Q

How can we measure VO2max?

A

Step test
–>Incremental test
–>RAMP test

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18
Q

Step test

A

Sequential steps of increasing intensity; allows to us to determine VO2max by seeing at which point there is an inability to increase VO2, despite increases in WR

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19
Q

Plateau in VO2

A

Despite increases in power output/WR, there are no further increases in VO2

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20
Q

Incremental test

A

Step test w no rest btwn increasing intensities

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21
Q

RAMP test

A

Constantly gradually increasing intensity

22
Q

VO2 peak

A

Highest (peak) VO2 observed during an incremental/RAMP protocol; not necessarily the max, need another test to confirm

23
Q

What would the minimum intensity be for a confirmation stage?

A

1 W above CP–> must be IN severe intensity domain

24
Q

When is VO2 peak equal to VO2 max?

A

Almost always, but you can’t call it VO2 max unless you actually confirm it

25
Q

How can you find VO2 max without directly testing it?

A
  1. Aerobic power
  2. Prediction equations
26
Q

Example of an aerobic power test

A

Incremental treadmill test to see how long people last (time to fatigue)= aerobic power

27
Q

Aerobic power

A

Highest power supported by aerobic metabolism
Can can be used to predict mortality risk
Correlates with VO2 max

28
Q

Example of how a prediction equation can be developed

A

Measuring peak WR and corresponding VO2 to develop a prediction equation to estimate VO2 max

29
Q

Prediction equation for VO2 max

A

VO2- 500 (estimated resting VO2) + WR (Watts) * 10mL/Watt

30
Q

Are prediction equations accurate?

A

There are inaccuracies when estimating using prediction equations but if you understand them you can still use the equations

31
Q

WRpeak

A

Highest WR in RAMP or incremental test

32
Q

Is WR max seen on an incremental test?

A

NO

33
Q

What terms are synonymous with VO2max?

A

Cardiorespiratory endurance, aerobic capacity, or cardiorespiratory fitness

34
Q

Factors that influence a participant’s VO2max

A
  • heredity
  • sex
  • age
  • training status
  • mode of exercise
35
Q

Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) each stage duration

A

1-3 min

36
Q

What is a steady state in the CPET?

A

Point where aerobic metabolism contributes 100% of the energy requirement at a given absolute intensity

37
Q

How long is total testing time for a CPET?

A

8-15min

38
Q

Criteria to determine if VO2max has been met

A
  1. Vo2 plateaus
  2. HR during the last stage is no more than 10bpm below the participant’s age-predicted maximal heart rate
  3. Respiratory exchange ratio is greater then 1.1 in final work state
  4. Rating of perceived exertion is greater than 17 on Borg scale
39
Q

How many of the criteria for VO2 max must be met?

A

2/4

40
Q

Ventilatory threshold (VT)

A

The point where ventilation increases disproportionately to oxygen consumption

41
Q

Pattern of VO2 during CPET

A

Linear up to VO2max

42
Q

Pattern of ventilation during CPET

A

Linear only during exercise requiring approximately 55 –75% VO2 max and after this point, VE increases at a steeper rate

43
Q

Between which domains does VT1 occur?

A

Moderate and heavy

44
Q

Between which domains does VT2 occur?

A

Heavy and severe

45
Q

Why does ventilation increase more steeply in the heavy- compared to moderate intensity domain

A

Increased anaerobic metabolism (glycogen usage)
Greater flux through PDH results in an increase in the VCO2/VO2 ratio

46
Q

Why does ventilation increase even more steeply from heavy to severe intensity domain?

A

Further increases in VCO2 via bicarbonate buffering of H+ to CO2

47
Q

RER in moderate intensity

A

0.8

48
Q

RER in heavy intensity domain

A

0.9-1.0

49
Q

CHO RER in severe intensity domain

A

> 1.0

50
Q

FFA RER in severe intensity domain

A

0.7

51
Q

How to calculate RER

A

VCO2/VO2

KNPE327 (6 decks)

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