Week 10 Flashcards
What is agility?
- Complicated to measure, many diff ways to test agility and many different aspects of agility
- “Skills and abilities needed to change direction, velocity, or mode in response to a stimulus”
Is there a consensus on how to measure COD?
The vast array of COD tests in itself indicates that there is little consensus on how to measure COD
Assessing agility
- Consider whether the test is assessing agility or energy systems
- Consider whether the test is assessing maneuverability or deceleration/acceleration
- Consider whether the test assesses linear speed or COD
- Consider angle and entry velocity
- Consider whether the test is assessing agility or energy systems
- For example, the 5-10 shuttle (run 5m 10x) does test agility but also tests anaerobic capacity
- The longer the test is the more you begin to test anaerobic capacity
- May perform poorly bc they don’t have high anaerobic capacity not bc they aren’t agile
- Consider whether the test is assessing maneuverability or deceleration/acceleration
For example, the zig zag test vs the 5-0-5
- Consider whether the test assesses linear speed or COD
Modified T-test attempts to limit the effect of linear speed and places more emphasis on the ability to change direction quickly
What study was done to assess agility?
- Compared T-test results against results on three other tests (hexagonal test, vertical jump test, 40-yard dash)
- Analyzed which test best predicts performance on a T-test
Results of study on agility
- Strong correlation between 40 yard sprint time and agility performance on the T-test (stronger correlation in females)
- Less strong correlation btwn performance on vertical jump and hexagonal tests with performance on the T-test
What test was best criterion measure of agility?
Hexagon test
What is the T-test actually measuring?
Reliable and valid measure of leg speed and secondarily of leg power and agility (great test for linear speed, not as great for agility)
COD deficit
Practical measure to isolate COD agility independent of sprint speed
Difference between average 505 and 10 m time
Isolates CoD, rids the influence of linear speed
What does the COD deficit measure?
Time is takes to add 1 180 degree change of direction to a 10 meter sprint (larger COD deficit means athlete is less effective at changing direction)
What does it mean to have less of a deficit?
More agile
Results from study on COD deficit
505 time is correlated with COD deficit, 10m time and 30m time
COD deficit not correlated with 10m time or 30m time (linear speed)
The overall speed on the test predicts performance on the 505 test and therefore the 505 test does not test agility but the COD deficit does
What are the two types of agility tests?
Planned vs reactive
Lab definition of agility
Capacity to rapidly alter direction and velocity while maintain postural control and precision; critical component of performance
What do agility assessments analyze?
Neuromuscular coordination
Reaction time
Biomechanical efficiency
Acceleration/deceleration
Physiological determinants of agility
o Myofascial elasticity
o Proprioceptive feedback mechanisms
o Recruitment patterns of motor units
o Muscular strength/power
What agility tests did we do in lab?
o T test
o Modified T test
o Pro agility shuttle
o 5-0-5
T-test
Assesses an athlete’s 4 directional agility and body control by challenging their ability to change directions rapidly while maintaining balance and speed
Modified T-test
Replicates the movements of power sports that require quick directional changes in a limited amount of space
Pro-agility shuttle
Assesses ability to accelerate, decelerate and change directions
5-0-5 agility test
Assesses agility on horizontal plane with a single 180 degree change of direction
Allows for differentiation btwn left and right leg performance
Leger 20-meter shuttle test (10mSRT beep test)
Multi stage running test used to estimate VO2max from maximal running speed
Continuous running test where athletes begin running at 8.5 km/hr an every minute (level), speed increases by 0.5km/hr
Estimation of VO2max - beep test equation (Leger 1988)
VO2max = -27.4 + 6.0 (maximal aerobic speed)
Estimation of VO2max- beep test (Stickland 2003)
Males
VO2max= 2.75 x (last half level completed) +28.8
Females
VO2max= 2.85 x (last half level completed) + 25.1
**used for individuals age 18-38
What does sprint performance depend on?
- The ability of the body to exert vertical forces
- The ability of bioenergetic systems to meet the metabolic demands of the activity
- The muscle fibre type profile of the athlete
What are horizontal sprinting activities used to assess?
Horizontal power-generating capacity, but these assessments do not involve the measurement of power output
How to estimate horizontal power
Horizontal power (kg/m/s) = force (kg) x average velocity (m/s)
What sprint assessments did we do in lab?
- 10 m sprint
- 25 m sprint
- Flying spring (20-10)
10 m sprint
Sprint assessment from a stationary start over short distance reflects an athlete’s acceleration
25 m sprint
Longer sprint measures athletes’ acceleration and max speed
Flying sprint
Assesses only an athlete’s max speed
Why are speed tests not conducted over a distance greater than 100 m?
Longer distances will reflect anaerobic or aerobic capacity more than the athlete’s absolute ability to move their body at max speed
30-15 intermittent test overview
Evaluates high intensity running performance (max velocity)
What is the intermittent structure associated with?
Increased oxygen consumption
HR
Blood lactate conc
Decreased blood and muscle pH
Which agility test is used in the NHL and NFL combine?
Pro-agility shuttle
Correlation of the 20SRT to VO2max
r=0.92
What is imp to understand about indirect measures of VO2max using equations?
They vary in accuracy and typically under or overestimate an athlete’s true VO2max
What should you record when documenting field test results?
The estimated VO2max
Speed and distance covered
What does the 30-15 intermittent test have specific testing protocols for?
Field
Court
Ice
Track
What does the 30-15IFT have excellent test-retest reliability for?
Maximal velocity and peak HR
What is the 30-15IFT a reliable tool for?
Assessing an athlete’s performance and to determine the efficacy of an individualized training program
