WEEK 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Components of a Computer System
A
Hardware
Software
People ware
Data ware
2
Q
refers to the physical and tangible
components of the computer system.
A
Hardware
3
Q
Components of Internal Hardware
A
- CPU (Central Processing Unit
- Memory
- Input and Output Unit
- Motherboard
4
Q
executes all
the instructions and it is considered the brain of the
computer system.
A
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
5
Q
Parts of CPU
A
-Control Unit (CU)
-Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
- bus
-ports,
expansion slots
-registers
6
Q
- It stores data and instructions before the execution and the processed data as well
A
Memory
7
Q
Types of memory
A
Internal memory
- Random-Access Memory (RAM)
- Read-Only Memory (ROM)
External Memory
- Secondary Memory
8
Q
Types of Internal memory
A
- Random-Access Memory (RAM)
- Read-Only Memory (ROM)
9
Q
Types Emternal Memory
A
Secondary Memory
10
Q
– It is a volatile type of memory
- refers to as Main Memory or Primary Memory
A
RAM (Random-Access Memory)
11
Q
– contains permanently stored
instructions that cannot be changed.
A
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
12
Q
- Also known as Auxiliary Memory.
- It is a non-volatile type of memory that is responsible foe keeping files permanently.
A
Secondary Memory
13
Q
it allows communication between the computer and its outside world via input and output devices.
A
Input and Output Unit
14
Q
Other parts that go along with the Processor:
A
- Bus
- Port
- Expansion slots
- Registers
15
Q
- It is an electronic circuit that sends data and messages
between the other components.
A
Bus
16
Q
It attach input and output devices to the computer.
A
Ports
17
Q
It allow the addition of extra features.
A
Expansion slot
18
Q
Are special temporary storage which quickly accepts, stores, and transfers data and instructions for immediate use.
A
Registers
19
Q
Components of the external hardware
A
- Input hardware
- Processing hardware
- Storage hardware
- Output hardware
- Communication hardware
20
Q
- it accept or collect data and convert it into a form suitable for processing.
A
Input hardware
21
Q
Types of Input Hardware
-Keyboard- Entry Devices
A
- Keyboards
- Terminals
- Dumb
- Smart
- Intelligent
22
Q
It is the most commonly used input device.
A
Keyboard
23
Q
It consists of keyboard, video display screen and
a communication line to a mainframe computer.
A
Terminals
24
Q
THREE TYPES OF TERMINAL
A
- Dumb
- Smart
- Intelligent
25
can be used only to input data to and receive information from a computer system
Dumb
26
can do input and output and has some limited
processing capability
Smart
27
a full fledge microcomputer with a communication link.
Intelligent
28
Types of Input Hardware
- Direct-Entry Devices
-Pointing Devices
- Mouse
- Trackball
- Joystick
- Light pen
- Digitizing tablet
- Pen based systems
29
a pointing device that allows you to control an on-screen cursor.
Mouse
30
he upside-down version of the mouse. A ball mounted in box is rolled with the
fingers to move
the cursor.
Trackball
31
a video display screen that picks up input from the user through the touch of a finger.
Joystick
32
it is a point and draw input device that
allows you to draw directly on screen.
Light pen
33
a pen-like device with which the
user “sketches” an image or puck
Digitizing Tablet
34
a pen like stylus to enter handwriting and marks into a computer.
Pen based systems
35
It translates images of text, drawing, and
photos and the like into forms of data that can be understood by
the computer.
Scanning device
36
photoelectric scanner that translate the
bar code symbols into digital forms.
Bar code readers
37
Types Mark and Character recognitions devices
- MICR (Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition)
- OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)
- OCR(Optical Character Recognition)
38
it reads the strange-looking numbers printed at the bottom of bank
checks
MICR (Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition)
39
it reads pencil marks
OMR (Optical Mark Recognition)
40
it reads special
preprinted characters
OCR(Optical Character Recognition)
41
it scans an image and sends it as an electronic signals over telephone
lines
Fax Machine (Facsimile Transmission Machine)
42
it converts text, drawings, and photographs into forms
Imaging Systems/Image Scanner/ Graphics Scanner
43
Types of Smart Cards and Optical Cards
- Smart Cards
- Optical Cards
44
it contain a microprocessor and a memory chip.
Smart cards
45
it s a plastic, laser-recordable card used
with an optical card reader
Optical Cards
46
they convert human
speech into digital code.
Voice Recognition Systems
47
they record or play analog sounds
Audio- Input Device
48
signals that come from VCR o r a
camera recorder
Video- Input Devices
49
they capture images in electronic
form
Electronic cameras
50
it collects specific kinds of data directly from the environment
Sensors
51
- It is used to retrieve and execute the instructions provided by the computer
Processing Hardware
52
Main Components
*CPU
*Main Memory
53
it contains electrical components that make the computer works.
System Unit
54
is a device that converts AC to DC power to run the computer.
Power supply
55
it is the main circuit board in the system unit.
Motherboard
56
the microprocessor chip.
CPU
57
used to speed up your computer system
Specialized Processor chips
58
it controls how fast all operations within a computer are performed.
System clock
59
RAM chips
chips that temporarily hold data and instructions
60
ROM chips
chips containing programs that are built into the
computer
61
Cache memory
is the special high-speed memory that the CPU
can access quickly.
62
Expansion slots and boards
are sockets on the motherboard into
which you can plug expansion cards or boards.
63
the electrical pathways through which units are
transmitted within the CPU and between the CPU and other
devices in the system unit.
Bus line
64
the sockets on the outside of the system unit that each connected to an expansion board on the inside of the system unit.
Port
65
it represents a new bus standard for
notebooks, subnotebooks and pocket computers.
PCMICIA slots and cards
66
It temporarily or permanently store data used for
processing and the output of such processing.
Storage Hardware
67
Two types of storage:
- Primary Storage (RAM)
- Secondary Storage
retain data
and instruction in a relatively permanent (non-volatile) form
68
Storage (List)
- Diskettes
- Hard disks
- Optical storage
- Magnetic tapes
- Magnetic disk
- Magnetic strip
- Paper tape
- Drum
- Continuous forms
- Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
69
use a laser beam to pack information
densely on are movable disk
Optical storage
70
a sequential file storage represented by
various arrangements of magnetized spots along the width of
the tape
Magnetic tapes
71
a metal plotter where data is represented by
magnetized spots on the tracks
Magnetic disk
72
a recording of a data cell device
capable of storing 400 million of data
Magnetic strip
73
a continuous strip of paper wound on a
reel where data is represented by holes punched on
the paper.
Paper tape
74
a recording medium of data represented by magnetized spots that is coated with a magnetically
sensitive material divided into tracks.
Drum
75
a long sheets of paper where data
is represented thru print out
Continuous forms
76
stores large volume
of information printed or photographed as a very small images on sheets or roll of film called Microfiche.
Computer Output Microfilm (COM)
77
It provide a means for the user to view
information produced by the computer system.
Output Hardware
78
Output Hardware (List)
- Printer
- Plotter
79
Two forms of Output Hardware
Hardcopy
Softcopy
80
it is when an information has been recorded in a
tangible medium, such as paper or microfilm
Hardcopy
81
it is when an output is temporarily displayed on the
screen
Softcopy
82
it is capable of printing characters, symbols and
graphics
Printer
83
Categories of Printer
- Impact printer
- Non-impact printers
84
it has contact with papers like daisy wheel printers, dot-matrix printers and line printers
Impact printer
85
it has no contact with the paper like
laser printer, ink-jet printers and thermal printers
Non-impact printers
86
They are specialized output devices that can produce high quality graphics in a variety of colors.
Plotter
87
3 types of Plotter
- Pen plotter
- Electrostatic plotter
- Thermal plotter
88
The most popular type of plotter
Pen plotter
89
electrostatic charges create tiny dots on specially treated paper.
Electrostatic plotter
90
its pins are electronically heated and are used with heat-sensitive paper to produce images.
Thermal plotter
91
Softcopy Output Hardware
- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
- Flat Panel Displays
92
the most popular softcopy output
device used on microcomputers
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
93
they are used with portable computers.
Flat Panel Displays
94
It facilitate the connection between computers connected with a
network of computers over phone lines and other channels.
Communication Hardware
95
Communication Hardware Includes:
- Modems
- Cable
- Fax modems
- Multiplexers
- Concentrator
- Front-end Processor
96
it converts digital signals to analog signals
Modems
97
commonly used in networking, to facilitate the
communication between those computers.
Cable
98
a modem with fax capability installed as a circuit board in the motherboard of a computer
Fax modems
99
it combines several low-speed transmission into
one high-speed transmission.
Multiplexers
100
it collects data in a temporary storage area, then send it forward when enough has been accumulated.
Concentrator
101
a computer that handles communications for mainframes.
Front-end Processor
102
Categories of Software
1. System software
2. Application software
3.Peopleware
103
facilitating applications programs.
System software
104
Types of system software
a. operating system
b. operating environment
c. utilities
d. programming damages
e. language processor
- Compliers
- Assemblers
- Interpreters
105
refers to a group of related programs that supervise the execution of an application program
operating system
106
refers to programs that sit on top of OS
operating environment
107
a single term for all types of programming aids
utilities
108
the programs used to write other
programs
programming damages
109
used to convert source program into a form suitable for execution
language processor
110
use program designed to solve problem
Application software
111
Types of application software
- Package program
- Custom program
112
commonly called application
package
Package program
113
specifically written for an organization
Custom program
114
Levels of programming languages
1. Machine language
2. Symbolic language
3. High level language
115
Types of Package Programs
a. word processing software
b. desktop publishing
software
c. spread sheet software
d. data base management system
e. graphic software
f. communication software
g. integrated software
h. groupware
i. software suites
j. desktop accessories
k. personal information manager
l. project management software
m. multimedia
software
116
refers to the personnel involved in data processing
operations
Peopleware
117
Functional Areas of Peopleware
* Systems Programming
*System analysts
* Application programming
* Computer Operations
118
Personnel (Peopleware)
* Data Entry Operator
* Computer Operator
* Computer Programmer
* System Analysts
* Computer Center Director
