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WEEK 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

The evolution of computers has six generation

A
  1. pre-modern era
  2. first generation
  3. second generation
  4. third generation
  5. fourth generation
  6. fifth generation
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2
Q

The first use of the word “computer” was recorded in year?

A

1613

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3
Q

There are three classifications of devices that evolved during this era namely manual-mechanical devices, electromechanical, and electronic devices.

A

pre- modern era

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4
Q

pre modern era technologies

A
  • Tally Sticks
  • Abacus
  • Napier’s Bones
  • Oughtred’s Slide Rule
  • Pascaline Calculator
  • Stepped Reckoner
  • Babbage’s Difference and Analytical Engines
  • Arithmometer
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5
Q

was an ancient
memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantitieor even messages.

A

Tally sticks

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6
Q

It is also called a counting frame and is considered the first man-made computing device. In fact, it was
used for centuries. It uses beads and it was invented in China.

A

Abacus

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7
Q

It is a manually-
operated device used for calculating
products, quotients, square and cube
roots. It was invented by John Napier in
1614.

A

Napier’s Bones

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8
Q

It is a mechanical analog computer consisting of movable bars with a precise scale that uses approximations for solving problems
like multiplication, division, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry. It was invented
by William Oughtred.

A

Oughtred’s Slide Rule

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9
Q

It is also called Adding Machine. It is the first mechanical calculating device that uses cogged wheels that can be used to add and subtract two numbers. It was invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.

A

Pascaline Calculator

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10
Q

Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672. The machine
can add, subtract, multiply, and divide automatically.

A

Stepped Reckoner

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11
Q

These engines embodied most
of the design of modern computers. ThebDifference engine can compute tables and the Analytical engine is completely
automatic and is capable of calculating
any mathematical problems. It was
invented by Charles Babbage.

A

Babbage’s Difference and Analytical
Engines

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12
Q

A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820, The first reliable, useful, and commercially successful calculating machine. The
machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions. The first mass-
produced calculating machine.

A

Arithmometer

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13
Q

Principal components of electronic devise

A
  1. circuit boards
  2. transistors or silicon chips
  3. electrical switches and circuitry
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14
Q

examples of electronic devices

A
  1. ABC (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer)
  2. Electronic Numerical Integrator and
    Calculator (ENIAC)
  3. Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC).
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15
Q

The first special-purpose digital computer that solves
simultaneous equations. It was developed by
John Atanasoff.

A

ABC (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer)

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16
Q

The first fully electronic general-purpose digital
computer ever completed by John
Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert.

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator (ENIAC)

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17
Q

It is also known as an
Electronic Binary Digital computer that uses a binary representation of data and
internally stored programs; the first full-size stored-program computer, built at
the University of Cambridge, England by Maurice Wilkes and others to provide a
formal computing service for users. This was built according to the von Neumann machine principles.

A

Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC).

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18
Q

The size of computers during the this generation computers are mainframes.
The major hardware features are vacuum tubes and magnetic drums and the
processing speed is 1,000 instructions per secon

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A

First generation computers (1951-1958)

19
Q

example of computer in 1st generation

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A

Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)

20
Q

It is the first commercial business
computer and was developed by John
Eckert and John Mauchly. Another example is IBM 701 which is the first generation IBM
computers. The most popular 1st generation
computer is IBM 650.

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A

Universal Automatic Computer
(UNIVAC)

21
Q

The major hardware features of this generation computers are transistors
and magnetic cores. Its processing speed is 1,000,000 instructions per
second and the size is mainframe.

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A

Second generation Computers (1959-1963)

22
Q

example of computer in 2nd generation

23
Q

It is the first
transistorized computer. More
examples of second-generation
computers are UNIVAC II, IBM 7070,
7090, and 1400 series.

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A

TRADIC “The Super Computer”

24
Q

example of computer in 3rd generation

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A

IBM System 360

25
During this generation, minicomputers already became available. The major hardware features are integrated circuits or “chips” and the processing speed is 10,000,000 instructions per second.
Third generation computers (1964-1970)
26
It is the first general-purpose machine used in science and business.
IBM System 360
27
This started in 1971 up to the present. The size of a computer varies from mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers . The major hardware features are microprocessors or large-scale integrated circuits. The minimum processing speed is 100,000,000 instructions per second. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet.
Fourth Generation od Computers (1971-present)
28
-development of GUIs - the mouse - handheld devices
Fourth-generation computers
29
Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Still in development. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self organization. There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
Fifth Generation Computers (Present-Future)
30
Classification of Computers
Based on Type Based on Purpose Based on Size
31
Based on Type
Analog Computer Digital Computer Hybrid Computer
32
Based on Purpose
General-Purpose computer Special-Purpose Computer
33
Based on Size
Micro Computer Mini Computer Main Frame Computer Super Computer
34
have the ability to store different programs of instruction and thus, perform a variety of operations. Example: personal computers, laptops, and tablets.
General-purpose
35
refer to machines that specialize in counting. It operates by counting values that are discrete, or separate and distinct.
Digital Computers
36
The name analog comes from the word “analogous” meaning similar. This are used for scientific, engineering, and process control purposes. They deal with quantities that are continuously variable. Example: analog speedometer in an automobile
Analog Computer
37
combines the measuring capabilities of the analog computer and the logical and control capabilities of the digital computer.
Hybrid Computer
38
These are arguably the most powerful in terms of speed and accuracy. They are types of computers used in solving complex mathematical computations. They are capable of executing trillions of instructions per second, which is calculated in floating point operations per second (FLOPS).
Supercomputer
39
are large-sized computer types. They are equally powerful but fall short in terms of the computation ability in supercomputers. They are like big file servers, enabling multiple users from nearby and remote locations to access resources at the same time. Also known as big iron, these systems can handle massive amounts of data going in and out simultaneously. This makes them popular with businesses
Maiframe computers
40
are general-purpose devices without the monumental expenses associated with a larger system. Their processing power is below that of mainframe systems but above the capabilities of personal computers. Also known as mid-range computers, these became popular in the late 1960s but have become almost extinct because of the popularity of personal computers. The latter can now perform most of the tasks reserved for minis.
Minicomputer
41
are the smallest, least expensive, and most used types of computers. They have small memories, less processing power, are physically smaller, and permit fewer peripherals compared to super and mainframe computers. They are more commonly known as personal computers or simply PCs. The term was initially used to refer to IBM-compatible computers.
Microcomputer
42
Classification of Computers
Personal Workstation Laptops Mobile Embedded computer
43
NEVER BACK DOWN NEVER WHAT?!
NEVER GIVE UP
44
Pre-modern Era three categories
Manual-mechanical Electromechanical Electronics

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