WEEK 4

Question 1

describe basic research

Answer 1

• new knowledge for discovery
• no regard for practical application

Question 2

describe applied research

Answer 2

• solving practical problems
• focus on external validity

Question 3

describe qualitative research

Answer 3

• no numerical data
• observation
• individual/ group interviews

Question 4

describe quantitive research

Answer 4

• data distilled in numerical form
• magnitude
• time
• count/ percentage

Question 5

what is classical experimental research

Answer 5

investigating whether there is any change occurring within the group because of manipulating the independent variable

Question 6

what is casual comparative research

Answer 6

interested in whether there is a difference between the groups classified

Question 7

what is non expiremental research

Answer 7

• no direct comparison between groups
• no iv

includes:

• descriptive= describing a population
• historical= having multiple data overtime
• correlational= relationship between two or more dependent variables

Question 8

define the Hawthorne effect and what is its solution

Answer 8

def= the act of participating causes a change in what is being measured

solution= minimise the measurement involvement

• compares against historical data

Question 9

define placebo effect and describe the solution for it

Answer 9

def= despite no underlying mechanistic effect, an individual is associated with a change in perception or responses of participants

solution=

• ” placebo control group”
• participant blinding

Question 10

define the John Henry effect and describe the solution

Answer 10

def= in trials, a control group tries harder on performances tests to beat other participant groups

• solution:
• non competitive environment
• participant blinding

Question 11

define halo effects and describe the solution

Answer 11

def= initial ratings on future performance

solution=

• objective scoring criteria
• randomise rating order

Question 12

define central tendency error and describe the solutions

Answer 12

def= inherent bias towards scoring in the middle of a rating scale

solution= objective scoring criteria

• use an even number of categories

Question 13

define experimenter bias and describe solutions

Answer 13

def= tendency for a research bias in expected findings leading them to treat participants or data differently between groups

solution:
- controlled treatment
- double blinding

Question 14

define participant researcher interaction and describe solutions

Answer 14

def= participant responses to an intervention may be dependent upon their interactions with the person delivering the intervention

solution:
- use same researcher in all of the treatment

• standardise intervention delivery

Question 15

define post hoc error and describe a solution for it

Answer 15

def= misinterpretation of research results

solution:
- careful selection of research design and statistics

Question 16

define research instruments

Answer 16

tools used to collect or record data for our research variables

Question 17

define measurement properties

Answer 17

the degree to which an instrument measures the construct it purports to measure

Question 18

define inner rater reliability

Answer 18

the degree to which participant scores that have not changed are the same for measurements by different raters

Question 19

define intra rater reliability

Answer 19

the degree to which participant score that have not changed are the SAME for measurements taken by the same rater