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Micrb > week 4 > Flashcards

week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what elements are essential for all microorganisms

A

H, C, N, O, P, S

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2
Q

what is the cell mostly made out of ?

A

proteins (55%)
RNA (20.5%)

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3
Q

macronutrient

A

required in large amounts and play key roles in cell structure and metabolism
C, H, and O

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4
Q

micronutrient

A

present in much smaller amounts and are involved in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure
- manganese, zinc, and nickel

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5
Q

List of growth factors

A

PABA
folic acid
Biotin
B12
B1
B6
Nicotinic acid
riboflavin
pantothenic acid
lipoic acid
vitamin k
coenzymes M and B
F420 and F430

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6
Q

minimum temperature

A

transport processes so slow that growth cannot occur

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7
Q

maximum temperature

A

protein denaturation
collpase of the cytoplasmic membrane
thermal lysis

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8
Q

psychrophile

A

optimal growth in cold tempertaures

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9
Q

mesophile

A

optimal growth around (36-39)

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10
Q

thermophile

A

optimal growth around 60

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11
Q

hyperthermophile

A

live in very hot environments
Use Ca2+ to help stabilize proteins and are adapted to high temps

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12
Q

osmolarity

A

the total concentration of a solute

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13
Q

halophiles

A
  • live in high solute environments
  • have things inside cell that aren’t membrane permeable so they contribute to osmolarity of the cell so water does not rush out
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14
Q

Obligate aerobe

A

O2 is required
aerobic respiration

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15
Q

Facultative anaerobe

A

not required, but grows better with O2
aerobic respiration, anaerobic resp., fermentation

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16
Q

Microaerophilic

A

required but at levels lower than atmospheric
aerobic respiration

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17
Q

aerotolerant

A

not required and grow no better with O2 present
fermentation

18
Q

obligate anaerobe

A

O2 is harmful or lethal
fermentation or anaerobic respiration

19
Q

what does oxygen produce?

A

superoxide
hydrogen peroxide
hydroxyl radical

20
Q

what do aerobes produce

A

superoxide dimutase
catalase
peroxidase

21
Q

barophilic

A

require pressure because they have adapted membranes

22
Q

what does optical density measure?

A

live and dead cells and everything else in the sample

23
Q

what does membrane filtration measure?

A

measures alive bacteria

24
Q

bacteriostatic

A

prevents growth but does not kill or lyse

25
Q

bactericidal

A

dead but not lysed (remains intact)

26
Q

bacteriolytic

A

cells die and they are lysed (irreversible)

27
Q

decimal reduction time

A

time it takes to kill 90% of bacteria

28
Q

sterilization

A

destruction or removal of all viable organisms
- inc. endospores!!

29
Q

disinfection

A

killing, inhibition, or removal of disease causing organisms but not endospores

30
Q

sanitization

A

reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe

31
Q

antisepsis

A

prevention of infection of living tissue by microorganisms
- kill or inhibit growth when applied to surface of tissue

32
Q

chemotherapy

A

kill or inhibit internal microorganisms

33
Q

physical methods to kill bacteria

A

high moist heat
- even kills endospores
low moist heat
- kills pathogens present but does not sterilize
UV radiation
Gamma radiation

34
Q

mechanical methods to kill bacteria

A

membrane filtration

35
Q

phenolics

A

act by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes
does not kill spores but kills other bacteria

36
Q

alcohols

A

bactericidal, fungicidal but does not kill spores
denatures proteins

37
Q

Halogens

A

kills bacteria, fungi, viruses
may kill spores at high concentrations

38
Q

aldehydes

A

crosslink proteins
stops metabolic activity
kills most bacteria, fungi, and spores

39
Q

Quaternary ammonium compounds

A

detergents that have antimicrobial activity
kill most bacteria BUT not endospores

40
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

kills most bacteria, viruses, and fungi

41
Q
A

Micrb (5 decks)

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