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Micrb > week 3 > Flashcards

week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

gram positive bacteria has?

A

teichoic acid

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2
Q

types of secretion systems

A

Type I - spans whole membrane/outer membrane

Type II - spans membrane/outer membrane BUT takes proteins from sec or tat transporter

Type V- only spans outer membrane and takes proteins from sec or tat

Type III - spans the whole membrane/outer membrane + membrane of another cell to inject a protein

Type IV - injects DNA into another host cell - horizontal gene transfer

Type VI - has a sheath that retracts and contracts to act like a needle and secrete protein into a host cell

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3
Q

S-layers

A

crystalline layer of glycoproteins outside of cell envelope
- provides protection against bacteriophages, low pH, lytic enzymes.

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4
Q

Capsules

A

really long polysaccharides
- provide protection against other bacteria, immune systems, desiccation etc..

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5
Q

Glycocalyx

A

LPS? teichoic acid
S-layer glycans
capsule
alginate
poly-N-acetylglucosamine
Enterobacterial common antigen
cellulose

all help with attachment or protect

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6
Q

what are pili made out of

A

made of protein
thin filamentous structures

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7
Q

what do pili do?

A

help in cell motility
- are retractable and can extend from the surface of the cell

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8
Q

where are pili found?

A

found in all gram negative bacteria and many gram positive bacteria

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9
Q

Types of pili

A
  1. fimbrae
  2. conjugation
  3. electrically conductive pili
  4. type IV pili (involved in motility, one of the secretion systems)
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10
Q

Motility on solid surfaces ?

A

a.) twitching
b.) gliding

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11
Q

motility on semi-solid surfaces

A

swarming
- uses flagella
- coordinated movement

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12
Q

swimming motility
- flagella

A

a.) peritrichous b. polar c. lophotrichous

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13
Q

flagella parts

A
  1. hollow tip that is built from the bottom
  2. rotor part that spins
  3. stationary part in peptidoglycan to anchor flagella
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14
Q

what does bacteria flagella use as a power source?

A

proton motor pump/force

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15
Q

CCW = ?

A

cell runs

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16
Q

CW = ?

A

cell tumbles

17
Q

CW = ? (in reversible flagella)

A

cell reverses

18
Q

chemotaxis

A

directed movement of bacteria in a chemical gradient

19
Q

Archaea membranes

A

-no phosphate
- more stable

20
Q

Archaea cell envelope

A

NO peptidoglycan !!
- some have pseudomurein which is similar
- some have S layer or protein sheath

21
Q

Pseudomurein

A

has a lyzosozyme insensitive bond between the sugars. B(1,3)

has N-acetlyalosaminuronic acid for a sugar

22
Q

Archaea flagella

A

smilar to bacteria flagella but uses ATP as energy source

23
Q

Archaea hami

A

unique attachment structure

24
Q

Lag phase

A

nutrients are being internalized
enzymes are being made
replication of cellular components

25
Q

Exponential phase

A

population growth is doubling as fast as possible (optimal growth)

linear under log scale

26
Q

stationary phase

A

running out of nutrients
growth slows
some cells die

NO net increase in cell numbers

  • synthesis of endospores
27
Q

death phase

A

rupture of plasma membrane
destruction of DNA

28
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

binary fission
budding
fragmentation

29
Q

cytokinesis

A

replication of cytoplasmic contents
- septation occurs (cross walls between daughter cells)
- site is selected by FtsZ (in center of cell)

  • z ring is assembled
  • linked to p. membrane
  • constriction of cell and septum formation
30
Q

e. coli divisome

A

10,000 FtsZ molecules polymerize into a ring in the center of the cell
- ring is tethereto P.M by ZipA and FtsA

  • localizes peptidoglycan biosynthesis machinery to center of cell
31
Q

how does the cell know where the centre is for Z ring formation?

A

MinCD prevnts Z ring from forming
- where MinE is = no MinCD = ring can fotm

  • after septum forms - MinCD comes back
32
Q

where does peptidogylcan synthesis occur?

A

in the middle of the cell- anchored by the FtsZ ring

33
Q

Peptidogylcan biosynthesis

A
  1. synthesis of building blocks
  2. synthesis of disaccharide-peptide repeat unit
  3. translocation = cytoplasm to periplasm
  4. transglycosylation = formation of glycan linkages
  5. transpeptidation = peptide cross linkages
34
Q

translocation

A

moving repeat building blocks from cytoplasm to periplasm

35
Q

transglycosylation

A

= formation of glycan linkages

36
Q

transpeptidation

A

= formation of = peptide cross linkages

37
Q
A

Micrb (5 decks)

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