week 2

Question 1

Nucleoid

Answer 1

genome + proteins (help organize the cell)

Question 2

plasmids

Answer 2

small, circular DNA
- replicate independantly of genome
- multiple per cell
- many different functions
conjugation
antibiotic resistance

Question 3

FtsZ

Answer 3

cell division

Question 4

TubZ

Answer 4

plasmid segregation

Question 5

MreB

Answer 5

cell shape (rod)

Question 6

CreS

Answer 6

makes rods curved
caulobacter crescentus

Question 7

MinD

Answer 7

prevents FtZ from polymerizing at poles

Question 8

inclusions

Answer 8

no cell membrane
storage of nutrients

Question 9

B-hydroxybutyrate

Answer 9

storage of carbon (inclusion = no membrane)

Question 10

polyphosphate and sulfur inclusion

Answer 10

precipitated material = no membrane

storage of phosphate or sulfur

Question 11

compartments: carboxysome

Answer 11

has a protein shell
hexagonal shaped
stores CO2 for rubisco to use
charged molecules can leave
CO2 cannot leave the compartment

Question 12

compartments: gas vesicles

Answer 12

protein coating
long, narrow gas filled structure

Question 13

structures: magnetosomes

Answer 13

has membrane coating!
- magnetic iron oxides
- allows bacteria to move along earths magnetic field lines

Question 14

structures: endospores

Answer 14

produced when conditions are stressful
- non reproductive
-dormant
- very stable and resistant to chemicals, desication, antibiotics

Question 15

role of plasma membrane

Answer 15

permeability layer
protein anchor
energy conservation
- proton pump

Question 16

side chains in phospholipid bilayer

Answer 16

CH2 CH2 (NH3) COOH = phosphalitdylserine (common in e. coli)

Question 17

undecaprenyl pyrophosphate

Answer 17

activated carrier molecule

Question 18

integral membrane proteins

Answer 18

monotopic alpha helix
polytopic alpha helices
polytopic beta barrel

Question 19

diffusion

Answer 19

permitted:
small hydrophobic molecules
O2, CO2
water

not permitted:
charged molecules
large hydrophilic molecules

Question 20

osmosis

Answer 20

hypertonic: water wants to leave cell

hypotonic: water wants to enter cell

Question 21

facilitated diffusion (uniport)

Answer 21

requires a protein carrier
does not require energy
goes along a concentration gradient
-ions, sugars, amino acids

Question 22

simple transporters

Answer 22

against a concentration
gradient
- uses the energy of a proton going along their gradient
- symport and antiport

Question 23

active transport

Answer 23

requires proton carrier
requires energy
ABC transporter = uses ATP

Question 24

peptidogylcan structure

Answer 24

polysachharide backbone
- N-acetylglucosamine (G)
- N-Acetylmuramic acid (M)

+ short peptide cross links

Question 25

teichoic acid

Answer 25

gram positive bacteria
made up of repeating ribitol unit

Question 26

gram negative outer membrane

Answer 26

inner leaflet: phospholipids
outerleaflet : LPS layer
- O specific polysaccharide, core polysachharide, Lipid A (endotixin)

Question 27

porins

Answer 27

contribute to making outer membrane more permeable than cytoplasmic membrane
mostly B - barrel proteins