Week 4

Question 1

Prognosis

Answer 1

Predicting the future

Question 2

What study designs can be used in prognostic studies?

Answer 2

Cohort studies

RCTs

Case control studies

Question 3

Pre test probability

Answer 3

Baseline probability of a certain condition

Question 4

Post test probability

Answer 4

Diagnostic test that alters baseline probability

Question 5

What does PICO change to in diagnostic studies?

Answer 5

PECO

Exposure

Question 6

What type of evidence is strongest for diagnostic studies?

Answer 6

Systematic reviews

Question 7

Index test

Answer 7

Like ROM

Question 8

Gold standard

Answer 8

MRI

Question 9

2x2 table

Answer 9

If index test and gold standard test agree or disagree

Question 10

Why is it important to blind in diagnostic studies?

Answer 10

Addresses the issue of measurement bias

Question 11

Sensitivity

Answer 11

Proportion of people with the disease who have a negative test result (helpful in ruling out)

Question 12

Specificity

Answer 12

Proportion of people without the diseases who have a positive test result (helpful in ruling in)

Question 13

SpPin

Answer 13

Test with high specificity

That is positive

Helps rule condition in

Question 14

SnNout

Answer 14

A test with high sensitivity

That is negative

Helps rule a condition out

Question 15

+ likelihood ratio

Answer 15

Sensitivity/(1-specificity)

Question 16

—likelihood ratio

Answer 16

(1-sensitivity)/specificity

Question 17

Large and often conclusive shift in probability

Answer 17

LR+= >10
LR-= <0.1

Question 18

Small and rarely important shift in probability

Answer 18

LR+=1-2
LR-=.5-1

Question 19

Who are predictor variables determined by?

Answer 19

Researchers

Question 20

What are the few variables that are most predictive of the outcome pooled in?

Answer 20

A rule or cluster