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Evidence Based Practice > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How is data collected for qualitative research?

A

Interviews

Observation/field notes

Reading documents for background

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2
Q

How is data analyzed for qualitative research?

A

Code all of data and then try to find themes between them

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3
Q

Mixed methods

A

When qualitative and quantitative data are both used in one research

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4
Q

What does descriptive/observational research describe?

A

Samples through observation

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5
Q

Methodological research

A

Studies examining reliability and validity

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6
Q

What has highest validity between prospective, retrospective, and cross sectional?

A

Prospective

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7
Q

Natural history

A

Looking at a disease as it progresses over time

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8
Q

Normative studies

A

Normal/functional ROM or strength

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9
Q

Surveys and case studies

A

Descriptive/observational

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10
Q

N of 1 study

A

Following one patient and is prospective (experimental)

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11
Q

Case study

A

Observational

Retrospective

Less internal validity

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12
Q

When are case studies valuable?

A

They show a lot of detail as well as the thought process of clinical reasoning

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13
Q

What are the benefits of a N of 1 study?

A

Greater internal validity and more patient focused

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14
Q

Exploratory research

A

Investigating relationships between 2 or more variables

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15
Q

What is correlation a precursor to?

A

Prediction

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16
Q

Cohort study

A

Prospective

Rare exposures

Multiple outcomes

Slow

Expensive

Strong evidence

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17
Q

Case control studies

A

Retrospective

Rare outcomes

Multiple exposures

Fast

Inexpensive

Weak evidence

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18
Q

Quasi experimental research design

A

Lacks random assignment

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19
Q

Experimental research

A

Has a comparison or control group, randomly assigns participants to groups

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20
Q

What are the 5 criteria to define cause and effect relationship?

A

Time sequence

Strength of association

Biologic credibility

Consistency with other studies

Dose response relationships

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21
Q

Time series design

A

3x pre test

Intervention

3x post test

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22
Q

Why is a time series strong than a quasi experimental?

A

More testing (accounting for history)

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23
Q

Narrative review

A

Selective review of literature

Authors can cherry pick articles

Broadly covers topic

Prone to bias

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24
Q

Systematic review

A

Highly detailed review of literature

Authors must exhaust search efforts

Broadly covers a topic but includes all relevant articles

25
Q

Meta analysis includes a systematic review and what else?

A

Review and quantitative pooling of data for a statistical analysis

26
Q

When is data statistically significant on a forest plot?

A

When it crosses the vertical line

27
Q

What does it mean if the forest plot has a larger box?

A

Larger sample size

28
Q

CPG

A

Summaries of evidence to guide examination and treatment

29
Q

Research design validity

A

Relates to the choices made with research design (does the design help us measure and talk about what we intended to)

30
Q

Internal validity

A

Blinding, randomization, less bias

31
Q

External validity

A

Extent to which results can be applied to a generalized population (only soccer players in 2 states) (real world)

32
Q

What is a highly controlled research design?

A

Internal validity

33
Q

What is a pragmatic research design?

A

External validity

34
Q

Efficacy

A

Benefit of a treatment delivered in a highly controlled and ideal environment

35
Q

Effectiveness

A

Benefit of a treatment delivered in a pragmatic manner under real world conditions

36
Q

Independent variable

A

Something you manipulate (measures)

37
Q

Dependent variable

A

What we measure (outcomes)

38
Q

Construct

A

Non observable/non measurable quality you wish to measure

39
Q

Operational

A

Conversion of a construct into something observable and measurable

40
Q

What are some constructs measured in PT?

A

Strength

Speed

Knowledge

Intelligence

41
Q

Continuous variable

A

Any value along a continuum within a defined range (age)

42
Q

Discrete

A

Described in whole units only (number of children)

43
Q

Nominal

A

Names (categories)

Sex or gender

Blood type

Diagnosis

Race

Occupation

History of cancer

44
Q

Ordinal

A

Names/categories but they have order to them

Manual muscle testing

Function

Salary

45
Q

Interval

A

Numerical data (temperature in degrees) (can go below zero)

46
Q

Ratio

A

Numerical data (distance, age, weight, time)

(Cannot go below zero)

47
Q

Attribute independent variable

A

Can not be manipulated (age)

48
Q

Active independent variable

A

Can be manipulated (body position)

49
Q

What is the word factor associated with?

A

Independent variable

50
Q

What is the word variate associated with?

A

Dependent variable

51
Q

Reliability

A

Describes the extent to which a test or measurement is free from error

52
Q

Intra rater reliability

A

Degree the examiner agrees with himself

53
Q

Validity

A

Degree to which a test measures what it’s suppose to be measuring

54
Q

Face validity

A

Degree to which the questions on a test make sense to the users

55
Q

Content validity

A

Content of the measure is consistent with what is to be measured

56
Q

Criterion validity

A

Comparing results of a test to those of a test that is considered gold standard

57
Q

Construct validity

A

How well a tool measures an abstract concept

58
Q

Inter rated reliability

A

Variation between 2 raters who measure same group

Evidence Based Practice (4 decks)

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