Week 4 Flashcards
Language refers to the understanding of what others say; language refers to the process of speaking.
a. comprehension; production
b. development; generativity
c. pragmatics; semantics
d. perception; distribution
a
The smallest units of meaning in a language, such as the English words dog or mom, are called.
a. morphemes
b. syntactic patterns
c. phonemes
d. semantics
a
The understanding of the cultural contexts of language—including shifts in tone and body language, which allow two strangers who
speak the same language to successfully communicate—is known as knowledge.
a. semantic
b. syntactic
c. pragmatic
d. phonological
c
Between 6 and 12 months of age, infants typically experience a linguistic perceptual narrowing. What effect does this change have
on their language development?
a. They become increasingly more sensitive to non-native speech sounds.
b. They focus more on the words they hear most frequently.
c. They become increasingly less sensitive to non-native speech sounds.
d. Their ability to distinguish between speech and other environmental sounds diminishes.
c
Emily is given two pictures: one shows a flower, a word she already knows, and the other shows a unicorn, which is new to her. When
asked to point to the “unicorn,” Emily points to the unknown image, which is of a unicorn. Which assumption is Emily making in order
to learn this new word?
a. Social contexts
b. Intentionality
c. Mutual exclusivity
d. Grammatical categorization
c
Which of the following statements is not true of infant-directed speech (IDS)?
a. The exaggerated tone and pitch of IDS is often accompanied by exaggerated facial expressions.
b. Infants tend to prefer infant-directed speech to adult-directed speech.
c. Evidence suggests that IDS is a universal practice across all cultures.
d. Infant-directed signing has similar attributes to infant-directed speech but in the visual modality.
c
The tendency of specific sounds to frequently recur in a language is known as .
a. distributional properties
b. overregularization
c. syntactic bootstrapping
d. prosody
a
Thirteen-month-old Christian calls all men “Dad.” This is an example of .
a. pragmatic learning
b. syntactic bootstrapping
c. mapping
d. overextension
d
Six- to 8-month-old infants are better able to distinguish between phonemes spoken in a non-native language than are infants who are
just a few years older. This phenomenon is explained by
a. prosody
b. perceptual narrowing
c. underextension
d. overextension
b
Two-year-old Ravi goes to the zoo with his mother. Even though he
has never heard of a giraffe or seen one before, when his mother
points to an animal and calls it a “giraffe,” Ravi then calls that animal a giraffe. This exchange demonstrates Ravi’s use of
a. pragmatic cues
b. cross-situational word learning
c. language mixing
d. telegraphic speech
a
Using the structure of a sentence to derive the meaning of a novel word is known as .
a. telegraphic speech
b. Universal Grammar
c. syntactic bootstrapping
d. pragmatics
c
Preschoolers Ahmed and Max are talking together. Ahmed says that his father is old. Max says that he likes cars. Ahmed says that his father is probably more than 10 years old. Max says that he likes blue cars the best. According to Piaget, Ahmed and Max are
engaging in .
a. babbling
b. private speech
c. dual representation
d. collective monologues
d
Chomsky’s proposition that humans are born with an understanding of the basic principles and rules that govern all language is known as .
a. mutual exclusivity theory
b. the behaviorist theory of language development
c. Universal Grammar
d. the connectionist model
c
__, a computational modeling approach that has been applied to language development, emphasizes the simultaneous
activity of numerous interconnected processing units.
a. Generative theory
b. The distributional perspective
c. Dual representation theory
d. Connectionism
d
Dual representation refers to one’s ability to ___
a. communicate both verbally and nonverbally
b. understand a symbolic artifact as both a real object and as a symbol for something else
c. understand that a single word may have more than one meaning
d. distinguish between the words that someone uses and the intention behind those words
b
