Week 4 Flashcards
what is the study of the distribution of a disease, in a defined population over a specific time and the variables that are in effect
epidemiology
what is the sum of all examined individuals or sites that exhibit the condition or disease of interest divided by the sum of the number of individuals or sites examined
prevalence
what is the probability that an individual or site will develop a particular condition or disease during follow up
risk
what is the probability than an event happened divided by the probabiliity that an event did not happen
odds
what is the number of disease occurrences per person/time or site/time
incidence rate
e.g. speedometer displays at any given time the number of miles being traveled per hour
what measures the severiity and quantity of gingival inflammatiion and only gingival tissues are assessed
gingival index GI
what are the scores of the gingival index and what does each represenst
0 = health/normal gingiva
1 = mild inflammatiton with no BOP
2 = moderate inflammatiion w BOP
3 = severe inflammation w spontaneous bleeding
what is the plaque index
- assess percentages of surfaces that have identifiable plaque
- DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT AMOUNT OF SURFACE COVERED W PLAQUE
what is the bleeding index
asses percentage of tooth surfaces with gingival margin bleeding when probed
what are tangible outcomes that directly measusre how a pt feels, functions or survives (quality of life, self reported problems)
true endpoint
e.g. if pt brushes does it normally bleed
what endpoint is intangible to the pt, what are examples
surrogate endpoint
- anatomic measures - PD
- measures of inflammation - BOP
- microbiologic measurements OBJECTIVE IN NATURE - pt doesnt know different between 3.5 and 4 mm
type of study:
Outcome-Based Study
Subjects have the condition of interest
Compared to subjects without the condition
Determine suspected causal factors
case-control
type of study:
exposure-based study
subjeccts are free of disease
followed longitudinally for assessment of outcome
cohort studies
type of study:
assign patientts randomly to treattment group
monitor and assess the outcomess
randomized controlled trialss
what is the most reliable study design
randomized controlled trial
what percent of dental disease is plaque induced
95%
studies indicate that plaque levels of ___% will result in stability of periodontal health
10-15%
what percent of p. gingivalis is found in blood vessel plaques
26%
what is the common brush style on the market? why?
a flat, level surface and straight edge gives max surface contact for efficiency
are electric toothbrushes more beneficial than manual?
there is no beneficial effect in reducing gingivitis with electric toothbrushes currently
what is the most effective means of preventing and controlling infective periodontal, dental, and implant diseases?
eliminating the accumulation of dental biofilm on the teeth
what is the goal of the patient’s plaque removal
reduce the quantity of microorganisms, thus affecting virulence and concentration of toxins
T/F: the patient must be able to access the root for plaque removal
TRUE
motivation techniques
- sandwich
- 3 minute instruction and done
- repetition
- incremental
- show and tell
what are EXPLORATORY instruments
- # 23 explorer
- periodontal probe
- # 11-12 explorer
exploratory instruments are used with a light grip and light touch to increase what?
tactile sense
what are WORKING instruments
scalers and curretes
how should you use working instruments
with a firm grip and forceful touch
how many cutting edges on scalers
two, one on eaech side of instrument head
should you use scalers supra and subgingivally?
NO. only used supragingivally
H6-7 is used on what teeth
anterior teeth
what is used to hook under large calculus deposits for removal on anterior teeth
scaler tip
what should never be used on the tooth surface or the sharp point will damage the tooth structure
scaler tip
what portion of the scaler should be used to contact tooth structure
side or edge of the tip (like 11-12 explorer)
when the terminal shank of the scaler is parallel to long axis of the tooth, the cutting edge will point where?
into interproximal area
Clean the away surfaces from the ___ position. Clean the toward surfaces from the ___ position.
back, front
how do you avoid risk of damage to the tooth structure and the soft gingival tissue w/ scaler
only used with an up-stroke from apical to incisal direction
what should you NOT do with H6-7 scaler
- use the tip against the tooth surface, especially dentin
- using scaler sub-gingivally
- pointing the tip into the gingival tissues
what is the calculus grading scale
0 - no calc
1 - trace - trace levels of calculus at gingival margin or between teeth
2 - slight - calculus deposits 1 mm or less
3 - moderate - calculus deposits 1-2 mm but covering less than 1/3rd of tooth surface
4 - heavy - calculus deposits greater than 2 mm may extend over soft tissues, or may bridge teeth
the removal of plaque, acquired pellicle and stain can be used with what?
rotary handpiece, polishing cup/brush, and abrasive paste
prophylaxis and cup are used on what handpiece?
slow speed
what type of stains does polishing remove
extrinisic stains
T/F: polishing is used with a LIGHT TOUCH and multiple short duration applications to the tooth surface
TRUE
where do you put the edge of the prophy cup
free gingival margin
what suction to use when polishing
high evacuation sucion
what to do if you dont have assistant to hold high evac suction while polishing?
- prophy paste on a toothbrush and remove plaque in that manner
- CHX or other mouthrinse can be placed on a toothbrush and used to remove plaque
