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Periodontal Instrumentation Final > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the study of the distribution of a disease, in a defined population over a specific time and the variables that are in effect

A

epidemiology

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2
Q

what is the sum of all examined individuals or sites that exhibit the condition or disease of interest divided by the sum of the number of individuals or sites examined

A

prevalence

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3
Q

what is the probability that an individual or site will develop a particular condition or disease during follow up

A

risk

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4
Q

what is the probability than an event happened divided by the probabiliity that an event did not happen

A

odds

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5
Q

what is the number of disease occurrences per person/time or site/time

A

incidence rate

e.g. speedometer displays at any given time the number of miles being traveled per hour

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6
Q

what measures the severiity and quantity of gingival inflammatiion and only gingival tissues are assessed

A

gingival index GI

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7
Q

what are the scores of the gingival index and what does each represenst

A

0 = health/normal gingiva
1 = mild inflammatiton with no BOP
2 = moderate inflammatiion w BOP
3 = severe inflammation w spontaneous bleeding

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8
Q

what is the plaque index

A
  • assess percentages of surfaces that have identifiable plaque
  • DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT AMOUNT OF SURFACE COVERED W PLAQUE
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9
Q

what is the bleeding index

A

asses percentage of tooth surfaces with gingival margin bleeding when probed

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10
Q

what are tangible outcomes that directly measusre how a pt feels, functions or survives (quality of life, self reported problems)

A

true endpoint

e.g. if pt brushes does it normally bleed

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11
Q

what endpoint is intangible to the pt, what are examples

A

surrogate endpoint

  1. anatomic measures - PD
  2. measures of inflammation - BOP
  3. microbiologic measurements OBJECTIVE IN NATURE - pt doesnt know different between 3.5 and 4 mm
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12
Q

type of study:

Outcome-Based Study
Subjects have the condition of interest
Compared to subjects without the condition
Determine suspected causal factors

A

case-control

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13
Q

type of study:
exposure-based study
subjeccts are free of disease
followed longitudinally for assessment of outcome

A

cohort studies

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14
Q

type of study:

assign patientts randomly to treattment group
monitor and assess the outcomess

A

randomized controlled trialss

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15
Q

what is the most reliable study design

A

randomized controlled trial

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16
Q

what percent of dental disease is plaque induced

A

95%

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17
Q

studies indicate that plaque levels of ___% will result in stability of periodontal health

A

10-15%

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18
Q

what percent of p. gingivalis is found in blood vessel plaques

A

26%

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19
Q

what is the common brush style on the market? why?

A

a flat, level surface and straight edge gives max surface contact for efficiency

20
Q

are electric toothbrushes more beneficial than manual?

A

there is no beneficial effect in reducing gingivitis with electric toothbrushes currently

21
Q

what is the most effective means of preventing and controlling infective periodontal, dental, and implant diseases?

A

eliminating the accumulation of dental biofilm on the teeth

22
Q

what is the goal of the patient’s plaque removal

A

reduce the quantity of microorganisms, thus affecting virulence and concentration of toxins

23
Q

T/F: the patient must be able to access the root for plaque removal

A

TRUE

24
Q

motivation techniques

A
  1. sandwich
  2. 3 minute instruction and done
  3. repetition
  4. incremental
  5. show and tell
25
Q

what are EXPLORATORY instruments

A
  1. # 23 explorer
  2. periodontal probe
  3. # 11-12 explorer
26
Q

exploratory instruments are used with a light grip and light touch to increase what?

A

tactile sense

27
Q

what are WORKING instruments

A

scalers and curretes

28
Q

how should you use working instruments

A

with a firm grip and forceful touch

29
Q

how many cutting edges on scalers

A

two, one on eaech side of instrument head

30
Q

should you use scalers supra and subgingivally?

A

NO. only used supragingivally

31
Q

H6-7 is used on what teeth

A

anterior teeth

32
Q

what is used to hook under large calculus deposits for removal on anterior teeth

A

scaler tip

33
Q

what should never be used on the tooth surface or the sharp point will damage the tooth structure

A

scaler tip

34
Q

what portion of the scaler should be used to contact tooth structure

A

side or edge of the tip (like 11-12 explorer)

35
Q

when the terminal shank of the scaler is parallel to long axis of the tooth, the cutting edge will point where?

A

into interproximal area

36
Q

Clean the away surfaces from the ___ position. Clean the toward surfaces from the ___ position.

A

back, front

37
Q

how do you avoid risk of damage to the tooth structure and the soft gingival tissue w/ scaler

A

only used with an up-stroke from apical to incisal direction

38
Q

what should you NOT do with H6-7 scaler

A
  1. use the tip against the tooth surface, especially dentin
  2. using scaler sub-gingivally
  3. pointing the tip into the gingival tissues
39
Q

what is the calculus grading scale

A

0 - no calc
1 - trace - trace levels of calculus at gingival margin or between teeth
2 - slight - calculus deposits 1 mm or less
3 - moderate - calculus deposits 1-2 mm but covering less than 1/3rd of tooth surface
4 - heavy - calculus deposits greater than 2 mm may extend over soft tissues, or may bridge teeth

40
Q

the removal of plaque, acquired pellicle and stain can be used with what?

A

rotary handpiece, polishing cup/brush, and abrasive paste

41
Q

prophylaxis and cup are used on what handpiece?

A

slow speed

42
Q

what type of stains does polishing remove

A

extrinisic stains

43
Q

T/F: polishing is used with a LIGHT TOUCH and multiple short duration applications to the tooth surface

A

TRUE

44
Q

where do you put the edge of the prophy cup

A

free gingival margin

45
Q

what suction to use when polishing

A

high evacuation sucion

46
Q

what to do if you dont have assistant to hold high evac suction while polishing?

A
  1. prophy paste on a toothbrush and remove plaque in that manner
  2. CHX or other mouthrinse can be placed on a toothbrush and used to remove plaque

Periodontal Instrumentation Final (5 decks)

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