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Periodontal Instrumentation Final > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what provides the support necessary to maintain teeth in function

A

normal periodontium

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2
Q

what are the four principal components that function together as a single unit?

A
  1. gingiva
  2. periodontal ligament
  3. cementum
  4. alveolar bone
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3
Q

what covers the alveolar bone and tooth root to a level just coronal to the CEJ?

A

normal gingiva

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4
Q

what are the types of gingiva

A
  1. marginal
  2. attached
  3. interdental
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5
Q

what is a terminal edge or border of the gingiva that surrounds the teeth in a “collarlike” fashion

A

marginal gingiva

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6
Q

what is marginal gingiva also called

A

unattached gingiva

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7
Q

how can you demarcate marginal gingiva from adjacent attached gingiva

A

free gingival groove

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8
Q

what is a shallow linear depression that is present 50% of the time

A

free gingival groove

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9
Q

how wide is marginal gingiva usually

A

1 mm

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10
Q

the marginal gingiva usually forms the soft tissue wall of what?

A

gingival sulcus

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11
Q

what is a shallow crevice around the tooth, is v shaped, and is bounded by surface of tooth and epithelium lining the free margin of gingiva?

A

gingival sulcus

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12
Q

what barely permits the entrance of the periodontal probe

A

gingiival sulcus

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13
Q

why is the histologic depth not the same as probe depth?

A

PD depends on probe diameter, probing force and level of inflammation presesnt

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14
Q

What is the probe depth of normal gingival sulcus?

A

2-3 mm

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15
Q

what gingiva is continuous with marginal gingiva

A

attached gingiva

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16
Q

what gingiva is firm, resilient, tightly bound to underlying periosteum?

A

attached gingiva

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17
Q

the facial aspect of attached gingiva extends to where?

A

loose movable alveolar mucosa called MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION

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18
Q

what is the width of attached gingiva

A

from mucogingival junction to bottom of gingival sulcus

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19
Q

is the width of attached gingiva the same as the width of keratinized gingiva?

A

NO.
KG includes marginal gingiva and attached gingiva

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20
Q

what gingiva occupies the gingival embrasure (interproximal space beneath area of the tooth contact)

A

interdental gingiva

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21
Q

shape of interdental gingiva

A

pyramidal or Col shaped

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22
Q

shape of interdental gingiva depends on what

A
  1. presence of absence of contact point between adjacent teeth
  2. distance between contact point and osseous crest
  3. presence or absence of recessison
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23
Q

are attached and marginal gingiva both stippled?

A

NO. attached is stippled, marginal gingiva is not.

also, not all attached gingiva is stippled, but only attached gingiva can be stippled

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24
Q

which tissues are keratinized? nonkeratinized?

A

keratinized: atttached and marginal
non: alveolar mucosa

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25
Q

what is composed of complex vascular and highly cellular CT that surrounds the tooth root and connects it to the inner wall of alveolar bone?

A

perioidontal ligament

26
Q

what is the average PDL space

A

0.2 mm

27
Q

PDL space is smaller where?

A

teeth not in function and unerupted teeth

28
Q

PDL space is larger where?

A

teeth subjected to hyperfunction

29
Q

what shape are PDL? where is is narrowest?

A

hourglass shaped
narrowest at region of axis of rotation (mid root)

30
Q

what are PDL composed of

A
  1. periodontal fibers
  2. cellular elements
  3. ground substance
31
Q

describe PDL fibers

A

collagenous and arranged in bundles

32
Q

where do the terminal portions of PDL fibers insert

A

cementum and bone (Sharpey’s fibers)

33
Q

what are the 6 groups of periodontal principal fibers

A
  1. transseptal
  2. alveolar crest
  3. horizontal
  4. oblique
  5. apical
  6. interradicular
34
Q

what are the 4 types of cells in PDL

A
  1. connective tissue cells
  2. ECR
  3. immune system cells
  4. cells associiated with neurovascular elements
35
Q

what are the most common connective tissue cells in PDL

A

fiibroblasts

36
Q

what fills spaces between fibers and cells in PDL

A

ground substsance

37
Q

what are the main components of ground substance

A
  1. glycosaminoglycans
  2. glycoproteins

also contains HIGH water component (70%)

38
Q

what are calcified masses wiithin PDL that are adherent or detached from root surfaces?

A

cementicles

39
Q

PDL functions

A
  1. physical
  2. formative and remodeling
  3. nutritional and sensory functioins
40
Q

does PDL constantly undergo remodeling

A

YES

41
Q

what are calcified avascular mesenchymal tissue that forms the outer covering of the anatomic root

A

cementum

42
Q

types of cementum

A
  1. acellular (primary)
  2. cellular (secondary)
43
Q

where does cementum have the greatest thickness

A

apical 1/3 and in furcations

44
Q

what is a prominent thickening of the cementum, largely age related, and may be localized or affect entire dentition

A

hypercementosiis

45
Q

what is the fusion of cementum and alveolar bone with obliteration of PDL, is relatively uncommon, and occurs most frequently with primary dentition

A

ankylosis

46
Q

what is the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and supports the tooth socketts

A

alveolar bone

47
Q

whatt forms as the tooth erupts to provide the osseous attachment to forming PDL

A

alveolar bone

48
Q

what disappears gradually over time following loss of tooth

A

alveolar bone

49
Q

what does the alveolar bone consist of

A
  1. external cortical plate
  2. inner socket wall
  3. cancellous trabeculae
  4. basal bone
50
Q

what portions of alveolar bone are inorganic or organic

A

inorganic: 2/3
organic: 1/3

51
Q

bone growth occurs via apposition of organic matrix that is deposited by ___

A

osteoblast

52
Q

___ resorb bone

A

osteoclasts

53
Q

what is the tissue that covers the outer surface of bone and needs to be removed during extraction

A

periosteum

54
Q

what is the tissue that lines the internal bone cavitiies

A

endosteum

55
Q

___ are isolated areas where the root is denuded of bone and the root surface is covered by periosteum and the overlying gingiiva. Marginal bone is still intact

A

fenestrations

56
Q

once denuded surface areas extend thru marginal bone, the defect is called ___

A

dehiscence

57
Q

what probe is divided into 3 mm segments

A

marquis periodontal probe

58
Q

where should you start probing

A

distal proximal surface then move to mesial proximal area

59
Q

how many recordings per tooth

A

6 - 3 on buccal, 3 on lingual

60
Q

by walking the probe along the sulcus, you will be able to locate the ___ measurement from each area of the tooth

A

deepest

61
Q

by walking the probe, you will get multiiple measurements, but only record which?

A

deepest in each area

62
Q

what is the most common error in measuring pocket depths

A

improper angulation of probe, especially in interproximal area

Periodontal Instrumentation Final (5 decks)

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