Week 2 Flashcards
what provides the support necessary to maintain teeth in function
normal periodontium
what are the four principal components that function together as a single unit?
- gingiva
- periodontal ligament
- cementum
- alveolar bone
what covers the alveolar bone and tooth root to a level just coronal to the CEJ?
normal gingiva
what are the types of gingiva
- marginal
- attached
- interdental
what is a terminal edge or border of the gingiva that surrounds the teeth in a “collarlike” fashion
marginal gingiva
what is marginal gingiva also called
unattached gingiva
how can you demarcate marginal gingiva from adjacent attached gingiva
free gingival groove
what is a shallow linear depression that is present 50% of the time
free gingival groove
how wide is marginal gingiva usually
1 mm
the marginal gingiva usually forms the soft tissue wall of what?
gingival sulcus
what is a shallow crevice around the tooth, is v shaped, and is bounded by surface of tooth and epithelium lining the free margin of gingiva?
gingival sulcus
what barely permits the entrance of the periodontal probe
gingiival sulcus
why is the histologic depth not the same as probe depth?
PD depends on probe diameter, probing force and level of inflammation presesnt
What is the probe depth of normal gingival sulcus?
2-3 mm
what gingiva is continuous with marginal gingiva
attached gingiva
what gingiva is firm, resilient, tightly bound to underlying periosteum?
attached gingiva
the facial aspect of attached gingiva extends to where?
loose movable alveolar mucosa called MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION
what is the width of attached gingiva
from mucogingival junction to bottom of gingival sulcus
is the width of attached gingiva the same as the width of keratinized gingiva?
NO.
KG includes marginal gingiva and attached gingiva
what gingiva occupies the gingival embrasure (interproximal space beneath area of the tooth contact)
interdental gingiva
shape of interdental gingiva
pyramidal or Col shaped
shape of interdental gingiva depends on what
- presence of absence of contact point between adjacent teeth
- distance between contact point and osseous crest
- presence or absence of recessison
are attached and marginal gingiva both stippled?
NO. attached is stippled, marginal gingiva is not.
also, not all attached gingiva is stippled, but only attached gingiva can be stippled
which tissues are keratinized? nonkeratinized?
keratinized: atttached and marginal
non: alveolar mucosa
what is composed of complex vascular and highly cellular CT that surrounds the tooth root and connects it to the inner wall of alveolar bone?
perioidontal ligament
what is the average PDL space
0.2 mm
PDL space is smaller where?
teeth not in function and unerupted teeth
PDL space is larger where?
teeth subjected to hyperfunction
what shape are PDL? where is is narrowest?
hourglass shaped
narrowest at region of axis of rotation (mid root)
what are PDL composed of
- periodontal fibers
- cellular elements
- ground substance
describe PDL fibers
collagenous and arranged in bundles
where do the terminal portions of PDL fibers insert
cementum and bone (Sharpey’s fibers)
what are the 6 groups of periodontal principal fibers
- transseptal
- alveolar crest
- horizontal
- oblique
- apical
- interradicular
what are the 4 types of cells in PDL
- connective tissue cells
- ECR
- immune system cells
- cells associiated with neurovascular elements
what are the most common connective tissue cells in PDL
fiibroblasts
what fills spaces between fibers and cells in PDL
ground substsance
what are the main components of ground substance
- glycosaminoglycans
- glycoproteins
also contains HIGH water component (70%)
what are calcified masses wiithin PDL that are adherent or detached from root surfaces?
cementicles
PDL functions
- physical
- formative and remodeling
- nutritional and sensory functioins
does PDL constantly undergo remodeling
YES
what are calcified avascular mesenchymal tissue that forms the outer covering of the anatomic root
cementum
types of cementum
- acellular (primary)
- cellular (secondary)
where does cementum have the greatest thickness
apical 1/3 and in furcations
what is a prominent thickening of the cementum, largely age related, and may be localized or affect entire dentition
hypercementosiis
what is the fusion of cementum and alveolar bone with obliteration of PDL, is relatively uncommon, and occurs most frequently with primary dentition
ankylosis
what is the portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and supports the tooth socketts
alveolar bone
whatt forms as the tooth erupts to provide the osseous attachment to forming PDL
alveolar bone
what disappears gradually over time following loss of tooth
alveolar bone
what does the alveolar bone consist of
- external cortical plate
- inner socket wall
- cancellous trabeculae
- basal bone
what portions of alveolar bone are inorganic or organic
inorganic: 2/3
organic: 1/3
bone growth occurs via apposition of organic matrix that is deposited by ___
osteoblast
___ resorb bone
osteoclasts
what is the tissue that covers the outer surface of bone and needs to be removed during extraction
periosteum
what is the tissue that lines the internal bone cavitiies
endosteum
___ are isolated areas where the root is denuded of bone and the root surface is covered by periosteum and the overlying gingiiva. Marginal bone is still intact
fenestrations
once denuded surface areas extend thru marginal bone, the defect is called ___
dehiscence
what probe is divided into 3 mm segments
marquis periodontal probe
where should you start probing
distal proximal surface then move to mesial proximal area
how many recordings per tooth
6 - 3 on buccal, 3 on lingual
by walking the probe along the sulcus, you will be able to locate the ___ measurement from each area of the tooth
deepest
by walking the probe, you will get multiiple measurements, but only record which?
deepest in each area
what is the most common error in measuring pocket depths
improper angulation of probe, especially in interproximal area
