Week 4 Flashcards
Talent Identification
- a long term prediction that a given individual has the necessary attributes (potential) to eventually become a member of a population of athletes performing at a specialised level of excellence
- Aim is to involve identified individuals, those with greatest potential, in an organised training programs to maximise performance
Talent selection
- a short term prediction that a given individual within a population of athletes already in the sport has the necessary attributes, level of learning, training and maturity to perform better than other members of that population in the immediate future.
Talent development
The provision adequate infrastructure (facilities, equipment and personnel) to enable identified and selected individuals to develop to their full potential
Negative and positive aspects f scientific process selection?
Negative:
–>over training of children selected; abnormal physical and personal development
Positive:
- Children directed to sports they are most physically and psychologically suited to
- Program for physical health and general welfare
- Specialized coaching with specialist support – medical, science, psych
- Education and career development support
The Talent Identification Process - other important factors
- health status
- genetics
- time spent in sport and level of coaching
- maturity
- morphological assessment
- posture
- functional capacity
- anaerobic power and fibre typing
- motor function tests
- psychological profile
- availability sports facilities and climate
- availability of specialist
How successful is the national talent search program?
- General tests (height, BM, beep test, sprint)
- More sport specific tests
- sporting trials
Does the sport I am working with need TID if most are exposed to sport??
No, natural selection better
Does the sport I am working with need TID if current recruitment encourage athlete into sport??
No, natural selection better
Does the sport I am working with need TID if sport has high retention rate??
- If already has high retention rates, talent ID not so important
- If already has low retention rates, talent ID may be useful
Does the sport I am working with need TID if performance you could measure in the sport ??
low correlation between performance and test results – no point in talent ID
___ and ___ sports benefit the most from TID program
individual, technical
TID in athletics
Challenging
- multiple disciplines
- 14 different sports (may benefit a lot from TID)
- Mature relatively late
- TID discipline specific
- Potentially the sport with the most benefit from TID
TID in Swimming
- high participation levels
- > 90% of Aussies live within 50km of ocean
- Start young and tend to mature early
- Talent selection more appropriate
- Shift athletes to desirable programs
TID in Gymnastics
- Good participation levels
- Start young
- females mature early
- males later
- TID selection appropriate
- Shift athletes to desirable programs
- sports specific tests
- retaining athletes in sport is an issue
What to include in TID program?
- Skill/decision making
- kinaesthetic
- sociological
- physical
- physiological
- psychological
Primary Phase of talent Identification/Selection
Pre-puberty
- Focus on health, general physical development and anthropometry
- Provides only very general information and definite decisions cannot be made due to unknown dynamics of future growth
Swimming, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports in which comprehensive training is routinely commenced pre-puberty
Secondary Phase of talent Identification/Selection
- Individuals who have already experienced organised training
- 9-10 years for gymnastics, figure skating and swimming;
- During and after puberty for other sports
- 10-15 girls
- 10-17 boys
- Most important phase of selection
- Health, anthropometry and functional parameters, maybe psychology
- sport specific
Final Phase of Talent Identification/Selection
- National team candidates
- Elaborate, reliable, tests highly correlated with specific requirements of the sport
- Health, physical adaptation to training and competition, ability to cope with stress, potential for future improvements
List things to use for job task analysis….?
- job descriptions
- Observe employees performing job tasks field
- If possible perform the tasks yourself
- Interview workers and supervisors
- Make real time measurements
- Literature
Decisions need to be made about job task analysis
- Physical fitness and/or job related tests
- Physical fitness tests may have questionable validity to performance of the tasks
- Job related tests have content validity
- Design tests, evaluate tests (trial), use multiple regression to look at relationships between tests
- How many tests?
- How much rest between?
Criteria in Test Development:
- Use subject matter experts
- Use incumbents in evaluation trials and seek their feedback
- Include people of varying races and ages and of both genders
- Select tasks that are correlated to job performance
- Conduct an ergonomic and physiological analysis of the test
- Avoid high skill tests that require training for results
- Consider the cost of tests in time and money
- Consider the cost of test equipment and the time to calibrate the equipment
- Maintain records of the process
Considerations for testing:
- Appropriate tests
- Participant numbers
- Mass vs individual
- Equipment and available facilities
- Personnel - finding and training
- Directions to participants/testers
- Scores
Maximum Accumulated OXygen Deficit (MAOD)
Oxygen deficit is the difference between the aerobic energy actually used and the aerobic energy requirement (if the exercise could be fuelled totally by aerobic system). The difference comes from anaerobic energy sources
MAOD Theory
If you create a situation of maximal fatiguing exercise (normally 2-10 mins duration) the difference between the predicted oxygen requirement and the actual oxygen use is the maximum accumulated oxygen deficit
