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Yr3Sem2 Applied Physiology > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Talent Identification

A
  • a long term prediction that a given individual has the necessary attributes (potential) to eventually become a member of a population of athletes performing at a specialised level of excellence
  • Aim is to involve identified individuals, those with greatest potential, in an organised training programs to maximise performance
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2
Q

Talent selection

A
  • a short term prediction that a given individual within a population of athletes already in the sport has the necessary attributes, level of learning, training and maturity to perform better than other members of that population in the immediate future.
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3
Q

Talent development

A

The provision adequate infrastructure (facilities, equipment and personnel) to enable identified and selected individuals to develop to their full potential

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4
Q

Negative and positive aspects f scientific process selection?

A

Negative:
–>over training of children selected; abnormal physical and personal development

Positive:
- Children directed to sports they are most physically and psychologically suited to
- Program for physical health and general welfare
- Specialized coaching with specialist support – medical, science, psych
- Education and career development support

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5
Q

The Talent Identification Process - other important factors

A
  • health status
  • genetics
  • time spent in sport and level of coaching
  • maturity
  • morphological assessment
  • posture
  • functional capacity
  • anaerobic power and fibre typing
  • motor function tests
  • psychological profile
  • availability sports facilities and climate
  • availability of specialist
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6
Q

How successful is the national talent search program?

A
  • General tests (height, BM, beep test, sprint)
  • More sport specific tests
  • sporting trials
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7
Q

Does the sport I am working with need TID if most are exposed to sport??

A

No, natural selection better

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8
Q

Does the sport I am working with need TID if current recruitment encourage athlete into sport??

A

No, natural selection better

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9
Q

Does the sport I am working with need TID if sport has high retention rate??

A
  • If already has high retention rates, talent ID not so important
  • If already has low retention rates, talent ID may be useful
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10
Q

Does the sport I am working with need TID if performance you could measure in the sport ??

A

low correlation between performance and test results – no point in talent ID

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11
Q

___ and ___ sports benefit the most from TID program

A

individual, technical

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12
Q

TID in athletics

A

Challenging
- multiple disciplines
- 14 different sports (may benefit a lot from TID)
- Mature relatively late
- TID discipline specific
- Potentially the sport with the most benefit from TID

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13
Q

TID in Swimming

A
  • high participation levels
  • > 90% of Aussies live within 50km of ocean
  • Start young and tend to mature early
  • Talent selection more appropriate
  • Shift athletes to desirable programs
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14
Q

TID in Gymnastics

A
  • Good participation levels
  • Start young
    • females mature early
    • males later
  • TID selection appropriate
  • Shift athletes to desirable programs
  • sports specific tests
  • retaining athletes in sport is an issue
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15
Q

What to include in TID program?

A
  • Skill/decision making
  • kinaesthetic
  • sociological
  • physical
  • physiological
  • psychological
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16
Q

Primary Phase of talent Identification/Selection

A

Pre-puberty
- Focus on health, general physical development and anthropometry
- Provides only very general information and definite decisions cannot be made due to unknown dynamics of future growth

Swimming, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports in which comprehensive training is routinely commenced pre-puberty

17
Q

Secondary Phase of talent Identification/Selection

A
  • Individuals who have already experienced organised training
  • 9-10 years for gymnastics, figure skating and swimming;
  • During and after puberty for other sports
    • 10-15 girls
    • 10-17 boys
  • Most important phase of selection
  • Health, anthropometry and functional parameters, maybe psychology
  • sport specific
18
Q

Final Phase of Talent Identification/Selection

A
  • National team candidates
  • Elaborate, reliable, tests highly correlated with specific requirements of the sport
  • Health, physical adaptation to training and competition, ability to cope with stress, potential for future improvements
19
Q

List things to use for job task analysis….?

A
  • job descriptions
  • Observe employees performing job tasks field
  • If possible perform the tasks yourself
  • Interview workers and supervisors
  • Make real time measurements
  • Literature
20
Q

Decisions need to be made about job task analysis

A
  • Physical fitness and/or job related tests
  • Physical fitness tests may have questionable validity to performance of the tasks
  • Job related tests have content validity
  • Design tests, evaluate tests (trial), use multiple regression to look at relationships between tests
  • How many tests?
  • How much rest between?
21
Q

Criteria in Test Development:

A
  • Use subject matter experts
  • Use incumbents in evaluation trials and seek their feedback
  • Include people of varying races and ages and of both genders
  • Select tasks that are correlated to job performance
  • Conduct an ergonomic and physiological analysis of the test
  • Avoid high skill tests that require training for results
  • Consider the cost of tests in time and money
  • Consider the cost of test equipment and the time to calibrate the equipment
  • Maintain records of the process
22
Q

Considerations for testing:

A
  • Appropriate tests
  • Participant numbers
  • Mass vs individual
  • Equipment and available facilities
  • Personnel - finding and training
  • Directions to participants/testers
  • Scores
23
Q

Maximum Accumulated OXygen Deficit (MAOD)

A

Oxygen deficit is the difference between the aerobic energy actually used and the aerobic energy requirement (if the exercise could be fuelled totally by aerobic system). The difference comes from anaerobic energy sources

24
Q

MAOD Theory

A

If you create a situation of maximal fatiguing exercise (normally 2-10 mins duration) the difference between the predicted oxygen requirement and the actual oxygen use is the maximum accumulated oxygen deficit

25
Q

MAOD is:

A
  • A basic test
  • Determine Vo2max first
  • Also determine a number of sub max performance for O2 uptake.
  • Plot workload vs vo2
  • Athletes performs the test at a supra maximal intensity to exhaust the anaerobic system
26
Q

What about ATP/PC system measures?

A
  • Has importance in strength and power
  • You need to determine what are you actually attempting to measure. Is it:
    • strength
      • isometric
      • isotonic
      • isoinertial (constant load->as joint joint angle changes, tension changes)
    • or peak power or capacity of an energy system
27
Q

ATP/PC dependant Sports

A
  • Sports with defined strength tasks
    • weight lifting
  • Sports with strength limited tasks
    • Sprint
      • rowing
      • cycling
      • running
      • swimming
    • throws, jumps
  • Sports that are combinations
    • team, field, court sports
28
Q

Testing Strength and Power as a method of estimating what is happening in ATP/PC system ?????

A
  • This is problematic!
    • limited research
      • We are just inferring!
29
Q

Power

A

Ability to exert force production in a specific period of time

30
Q

Muscular power:

A
  • fibres ability to generate force
    - myosin type
    - ATPase
  • number of fibres and fibre type
  • ability to coordinate
    - fibres
    - agonist/antagonist, synergist etc
  • related to strength and speed
31
Q

Anaerobic power:

A
  • Rate of energy production
  • Can be the limiting factor in muscular strength and speed
  • Interrelated with speed
  • requires a degree of strength
32
Q

Research show ____ correlation between isometric and isoinertial modalities

A

poor

33
Q

Questions in choosing tests:

A
  • Need to state a goal of the testing
    • athlete assessment
    • research
  • How reliable is the test
  • Correlation between test score and whole of athletic performance — validity
  • Discriminating power (difference results for difference ability levels)
  • Sensitivity to effects of acute exercise, training, rehab
  • Do you have a use for the data generated
34
Q

Professional Task

Take home message

A
  • Chose your sport and physically demanding occupation
  • Research their demands
  • Determine the 1 highest priority different physiological/bioenergetic demands
  • Research appropriate tests of these demands and the information you need to choose tests
  • Chose tests that are appropriate for your clients and have the information required available for you to use
  • Collect the required information

Yr3Sem2 Applied Physiology (5 decks)

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