Week 4

Question 1

a child’s view of the world is…

Answer 1

highly egocentric

Question 2

adolescent decisions are..

Answer 2

power struggles

generalized

driven by insecurity & desire for recognition

Question 3

early adult decisions are..

Answer 3

more independent but still like adolescence

Question 4

decisions that undermine or harm other’s well-being

Answer 4

unethical decisions

Question 5

decisions that undermine or harm one’s well-being

Answer 5

irrational decisions

Question 6

bad habit

Answer 6

pattern of irrational decision-making

Question 7

3 types of decisions

Answer 7

1. obvious
2. not obvious
3. spontaneous

Question 8

obvious vs. not obvious decisions

Answer 8

both are long term impacting

obvious are ones that are aware of (career, spouse)

not obvious are ones that are not on purpose

Question 9

4 keys to sound decision making

Answer 9

1. recognize the important decision
2. identify alternatives
3. evaluate alternatives
4. choose the best alternatives

Question 10

failure to recognize alternatives may lead to..

Answer 10

falsely believing alternatives exist

failing to recognize an alternative

Question 11

two-fold rule

Answer 11

there’s always a way and there’s always another way

Question 12

it is not possible to be a good thinker and a…

Answer 12

bad questioner

Question 13

3 types of answers

Answer 13

1. one right answer
2. may be better or worse answers
3. could be several answers based on opinion

Question 14

types of questions

Answer 14

1. analytical
2. evaluative
3. ethical
4. scientific

Question 15

dogmatic absolutists

Answer 15

believe every question has only one answer

Question 16

subjective relativists

Answer 16

believe no question has correct or incorrect answers

Question 17

types of analytical questions

Answer 17

1. conceptual (simple or complex)

2. empirical (settled or unsettled)

Question 18

simple vs. complex conceptual analytical questions

Answer 18

simple can be answered through definitions alone

complex requires analysis of those key concepts

Question 19

types of evaluative questions

Answer 19

1. one system (definite answer)

2. conflicting system (call for reasoned judgement)

Question 20

types of ethical questions

Answer 20

1. simple (only 1 right answer)

2. complex (can be argued more than one way)

Question 21

scientific thinking questions

Answer 21

“the same cause operating under the same conditions, will result in the same effects at any time”

Question 22

foundations for understanding ethical reasoning

Answer 22

1. Ethical principles are not a matter of subjective preference
2. All reasonable people are obligated to respect clear-cut ethical concepts and principles
3. To reason well through ethical issues, we must know how to apply ethical concepts and principles reasonably to those issues
4. Ethical concepts and principles should be distinguished from social conventions, religion, and law.
5. The most significant barriers to sound ethical reasoning are the egocentrism and socio-centrism of human beings

Question 23

basic ethical concepts

Answer 23

honesty
integrity
justice
equality
respect

Question 24

ethics should not be confused with..

Answer 24

social convention, law, or religious beliefs

Question 25

universal declaration of human rights (when, who, what)

Answer 25

when: 1948
who: UN general assembly
what: “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”

Question 26

religious questions

Answer 26

“deal with the nature of spirituality and are subject to unlimited theological debate”

divergent

Question 27

social questions

Answer 27

“deal with the customs, traditions, and taboos of groups”

divergent

Question 28

legal questions

Answer 28

“deal with what has been codified into law by particular societies”

divergent

Question 29

ethical questions

Answer 29

“deal with paradigms of human good and harm”

convergent

Question 30

RIPS model of ethical decision making

Answer 30

Realm-Individual Process-Situation model

Realm described by Glaser

Individual Process described by Rest

Situation described by Purtilo and Kidder

Question 31

Components of the realm of RIPS model

Answer 31

individual
organizational
institutional
societal

Question 32

components of the individual process of the RIPS model (moral…)

Answer 32

sensitivity
judgement
motivation
courage

Question 33

components of the situation of the RIPS model

Answer 33

issue or problem
dilemma
distress
temptation
silence

Question 34

implementing the RIPS model

Answer 34

1. apply the RIPS
2. reflect
3. decide course of action
4. implement, evaluate, re-assess