Week 4 Flashcards
a child’s view of the world is…
highly egocentric
adolescent decisions are..
power struggles
generalized
driven by insecurity & desire for recognition
early adult decisions are..
more independent but still like adolescence
decisions that undermine or harm other’s well-being
unethical decisions
decisions that undermine or harm one’s well-being
irrational decisions
bad habit
pattern of irrational decision-making
3 types of decisions
- obvious
- not obvious
- spontaneous
obvious vs. not obvious decisions
both are long term impacting
obvious are ones that are aware of (career, spouse)
not obvious are ones that are not on purpose
4 keys to sound decision making
- recognize the important decision
- identify alternatives
- evaluate alternatives
- choose the best alternatives
failure to recognize alternatives may lead to..
falsely believing alternatives exist
failing to recognize an alternative
two-fold rule
there’s always a way and there’s always another way
it is not possible to be a good thinker and a…
bad questioner
3 types of answers
- one right answer
- may be better or worse answers
- could be several answers based on opinion
types of questions
- analytical
- evaluative
- ethical
- scientific
dogmatic absolutists
believe every question has only one answer
subjective relativists
believe no question has correct or incorrect answers
types of analytical questions
- conceptual (simple or complex)
2. empirical (settled or unsettled)
simple vs. complex conceptual analytical questions
simple can be answered through definitions alone
complex requires analysis of those key concepts
types of evaluative questions
- one system (definite answer)
2. conflicting system (call for reasoned judgement)
types of ethical questions
- simple (only 1 right answer)
2. complex (can be argued more than one way)
scientific thinking questions
“the same cause operating under the same conditions, will result in the same effects at any time”
foundations for understanding ethical reasoning
- Ethical principles are not a matter of subjective preference
- All reasonable people are obligated to respect clear-cut ethical concepts and principles
- To reason well through ethical issues, we must know how to apply ethical concepts and principles reasonably to those issues
- Ethical concepts and principles should be distinguished from social conventions, religion, and law.
- The most significant barriers to sound ethical reasoning are the egocentrism and socio-centrism of human beings
basic ethical concepts
honesty integrity justice equality respect
ethics should not be confused with..
social convention, law, or religious beliefs
universal declaration of human rights (when, who, what)
when: 1948
who: UN general assembly
what: “a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”
religious questions
“deal with the nature of spirituality and are subject to unlimited theological debate”
divergent
social questions
“deal with the customs, traditions, and taboos of groups”
divergent
legal questions
“deal with what has been codified into law by particular societies”
divergent
ethical questions
“deal with paradigms of human good and harm”
convergent
RIPS model of ethical decision making
Realm-Individual Process-Situation model
Realm described by Glaser
Individual Process described by Rest
Situation described by Purtilo and Kidder
Components of the realm of RIPS model
individual
organizational
institutional
societal
components of the individual process of the RIPS model (moral…)
sensitivity
judgement
motivation
courage
components of the situation of the RIPS model
issue or problem dilemma distress temptation silence
implementing the RIPS model
- apply the RIPS
- reflect
- decide course of action
- implement, evaluate, re-assess
