Week 2 Flashcards
critical thinking
the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances
how to maximize thinking
learn about thinking
think about thinking
practice inward reflection
attain self knowledge
different ways to learn
- just in time
- task based
- problem based
- informal
- life-long
different learning styles
- reading
- listening
- watching
- animations
why is thinking necessary
thinking turns information into knowledge
cognition
gaining knowledge and comprehension
metacognition
thinking about thinking
reflecting, adapting, organizing
weak critical thinking
self-centeredness
strong critical thinking
fair-mindedness
fair-minded
entails a consciousness of the need to treat all viewpoints alike, without reference to one’s own feelings or selfish interests, or the feelings or selfish interests of one’s friend, company, community, or nation
traits of the disciplined mind (intellectual…)
- autonomy
- integrity
- humility
- sense of justice
- perseverance
- fair-mindedness
- confidence in reason
- courage
- empathy
intellectual humility
having a consciousness of the limits of one’s knowledge
intellectual courage
being willing to challenge beliefs and not accept opinions, thoughts, ideas, etc. from others passively and uncritically
intellectual empathy
an awareness of the need to imaginatively put oneself in the place of others so as to genuinely understand them
intellectual integrity
recognition of the need to be true to one’s own thinking and to hold oneself to the same standards one expects others to meet
intellectual perseverance
the disposition to work one’s way through intellectual complexities despite the frustration inherent in the task
confidence in reason
using sound reasoning as the sole criterion for making the decision of whether to accept or reject a viewpoint
intellectual autonomy
internal motivation base on the ideal of thinking for oneself; not being dependent on others for the direction and control of one’s thinking
intellectual arrogance
typically claim they know more than they actually do
intellectual cowardice
fear considering ideas, beliefs, and POVs from others that are not similar to their own
intellectual hypocrisy
having certain beliefs but actions contradict stated beliefs
intellectual distrust of reason
make decisions based on emotional reactions
three distinctive functions of the mind
- thinking
- feeling
- wanting
thinking
to create meaning
feeling
tracking/assessing meanings
wanting
allocating energy to action
egocentric
having little or no regard for interests, beliefs, or attitudes other than one’s own
self-centered
(T/F) humans do not naturally consider the rights and needs of others, appreciate the POV of others, appreciate limitations in their own POV
T
innate egocentrism
it’s true because I believe it
innate socio-centrism
it’s true because we believe it
innate wish fulfillment
it’s true because I want to believe it
innate self-validation
it’s true because I have always believed it
innate selfishness
it’s true because it is in my selfish interest to believe it
2 motives of egocentric thinking
- strives to gain its selfish interests
2. strives to validate its current way of thinking
“successful” egocentrism
successful in a dysfunctional logic
rationalize egocentric thinking
unsuccessful egocentric thinking
defensiveness, arrogance, apathy, alienation, indifference, resentment, depression, anger, irritability
rational thinking
disciplined
flexible
fair-minded
ethical
dominating egocentrism
ability to dominate others by using direct measures of some sort to get what the person wants from the other
submissive egocentrism
art of submitting to others; indirect means to getting what one wants
pathological tendencies of the human mind (8)
egocentric…
- memory
- myopia
- righteousness
- hypocrisy
- oversimplification
- blindness
- immediacy
- absurdity
egocentric memory
person selectively forgets info supportive of other’s POV and only recall info supportive of their own POV
egocentric myopia
person is absolute in their thinking & adopts a narrow POV
egocentric righteousness
person feels superior because believe have the truth but do not
egocentric hypocrisy
ignore flagrant inconsistencies in words and actions; double standards
egocentric oversimplification
ignore real complex solutions in support of simple ones when simple solution favors a person’s POV
egocentric blindness
do not notice evidence that contradicts a person’s beliefs and values
egocentric immediacy
person will tend to over generalize their feelings and experiences
(one bad thing makes the entire day bad)
egocentric absurdity
person does not pay attention to thinking that has “absurd consequences”
defense mechanisms of the mind
- denial
- sublimation
- projection
- identification
- wishful thinking
- repression
- rationalization
sublimation
person converts unacceptable behavior into an acceptable form to act out
projection
attributing one’s own personal negative feelings to another person
identification
identifying with abuser
repression
burying thoughts/ideas
stages of development of critical thinking (6)
- unreflective thinker
- challenged thinker
- beginning thinker
- practicing thinker
- advanced thinker
- master thinker
Unreflective thinker
lack the skills and motivation to know how self-centered and prejudiced the person is in their thinking
challenged thinker
aware of thinking, but not making adjustments
beginning thinker
starts to think about thinking but not consistent
practicing thinker
practices thinking and is consistent
