Week 35 Flashcards
Do you think sexuality varies between cultures?
Sexuality is influenced by cultural rules and norms. Global diversity creates considerable variety in sexual norms and represents a wide variation of belifes and values, such as female circumcision
Provide an example, or explain how sexuality varies between cultures.
Common areas of diversity among cultures include the meaning of dating and behaviour allowed during dating, what is considered arousing, the types of sexual activity commonly practised, sanctions and prohibitions concerning sexual behaviour, eligible marriage partners and who is allowed to marry
Why are teenagers and young adults the most vulnerable groups with regard to sexual intercourse, and sexuality?
They are still developing physically, and emotionally. hormones are still “stabilizing”. They are vulnerable to peer pressure. Might not be able to seek information about safe sex.
Define Vasocongestion
Occurs in the pelvic organs during sexual excitement because the arteries dilate allowing influx of blood. This leads to erection and vaginal lubrication.
Define Myotonia (Sexual) (muscular tension)
Involuntary muscular contractions during orgasm are the most notable examples of myotonia
Define excitement
Arteries dilate in the pelvic organs, which leads to vaginal lubrication or erection
Define resolution (Sexual)
A period where blood pressure decreases and the muscles relax
Define Plateau (Sexual)
Heart rate and circulation are elevated and muscles tension is increased at this stage
Define organism
Rapid cycles of involuntary muscle contractions occur. in males, this is typically associated with ejaculation
What does the acronym LGBTQI+ stand for?
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex and other
In traditional Samoan culture, what does the term ‘fa’afafine’ refer to?
A person born male who embodies third gender or both male and female gender identities.
In modern terminology, what does the Māori term ‘takatāpui’ refer to?
A Māori individual who is queer.
What are Sexual Rights
The responsible exercise of human rights requires that all persons respect the rights of others. The application of existing human rights to sexuality and sexual health constitute sexual rights. Sexual rights protect all people’s rights to fulfil and express their sexuality and enjoy sexual health, with due regard for the rights of others and within a framework of protection against discrimination
Links to NZ’s Human Rights Act 1993
Multifaceted understanding of sexuality
‘A central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities, gender roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships. While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.’ WHO 2019
What are Important components of a sexual health history
Start with open ended questions, focus on areas of concern
Include questions regarding social background- current relationship/duration of relationship, family support, activities, interests
Important to understand gender identity and who are sexual partners
Alcohol and drug use
4 C’s – consent, contraception, condom use, checks (for STIs)
Include reproductive history (menstrual hx, pregnancies, births, contraception used past and present)
What are Issues to consider Rainbow health
- Stigma
- Provider bias
- Reluctance to seek preventive care/delayed treatment
- Incomplete medical history
Disability and sexual health
Myths and stereotypes about disabled people
- Lack of training by health care professionals
- Still need for conversations regarding safer sex, risks, contraception
- At higher risk for sexual abuse
What are the most common forms of contraception in NZ?
Oral contraceptive pill, condoms, copper IUD, hormonal IUD, Implant
Whats LARC
Long Acting Reversible Contraception
At what age should contraception be ceased?
Contraception is needed until age 55 years or menopause
What group of contraceptives offer the highest levels
of pregnancy prevention?
IUDs and implants
What are some common reasons for individuals stopping contraception?
Wanting to get pregnant, headaches, nausea, sore breasts and vaginal yeast infections (thrush)
What are Hormonal Contraception
- Combined oral contraceptive pills
- Progestogen-only pills
- Depo Provera injection
- (Implants and some IUDs also contain hormones)
What is the Emergency Contraception
Emergency Contraceptive Pill – taken within 72 hours after unprotected sex is 98% effective
Copper IUD – up to 5 days post unprotected sex, almost 100% effective and can be continued for long-term contraception
What are Barrier contraception
Only form of contraception that also helps prevent STIs
- Recommended for use with other forms of contraception for STI prevention
- Condoms – typical use 15 pregnancies/100/year
- Internal condoms (latex free) typical use –
21 pregnancies/100/year - Diaphragm (not available in NZ)
What is Permanent Contraception
Tubal ligation
Vasectomy
What should you talk to a patient about Contraception
Discuss attitudes and beliefs about various methods
Attention to specific cultural or religious beliefs
Past experiences with contraception and any unacceptable methods
Fertility planning – how open are they to becoming pregnant?
Assessing risk through sexual health
History and encouraging safer sex practices
What forms of contraception are most effective and why?
Long acting reversible contraception (LARC) is more effective than other birth control methods.
Removes the “user error” factor that can make other methods less effective
