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A&P SBI171 > Week 3 - The Skeleton > Flashcards

Week 3 - The Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

the skeletal system includes

A

bones of the skeleton
cartilages
ligaments
other connective tissues

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2
Q

function of the skeletal system

A

structural support
storage of minerals and lipids
blood cell production
protection and leverage

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3
Q

categories of bones (shapes)

A 
long
short
irregular
flat
sesamoid
sutural (wormian)
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4
Q

a typical long bone has

A 
diaphysis
epiphyses
metaphyses
articular cartilages
marrow cavity
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5
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft of the bone

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6
Q

epiphyses

A

head of the bone, this is where the growth plate is found

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7
Q

metaphys

A

referred to as the neck of the bone

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8
Q

articular cartilage

A

the region of the bone that articulates with another bone forming a joint

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9
Q

marrow cavity

A

center cavity of the bone and is composed of soft marrow

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10
Q

where does blood cell production occur

A

marrow cavity

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11
Q

what are the two types f bone

A

compact (dense)

spongy (cancellous)

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12
Q

the marrow cavity and spaces within spongy bone contain two types of _________

A

bone marrow

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13
Q

two types of bone marrow

A

yellow (lipid storage)

red (blood cell formation)

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14
Q

________ is a supporting connective tissue with a solid matrix

A

osseous tissue

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15
Q

the ________ is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts

A

bone matrix

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16
Q

the bone matrix consists of

A

largely of crystals of hydroxyapatite (formed when calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide)

17
Q

______ are mature bone cells that account for most of the cell population

A

osteocytes

18
Q

layers of matrix are called

A

lamellae

19
Q

function of osteocytes

A

maintain and monitor the protein and mineral content of the surrounding matrix

also can participate in the repair of damaged bone

20
Q

osteoblasts synthesize the bony matrix in a process called

A

osteogenesis

21
Q

osteoclasts dissolve the bony matrix through

A

osteolysis or resorption

22
Q

basic functional unit of compact bone

A

osteon

23
Q

______ are layers of calcified matrix

A

lamellae

24
Q

spongy bone contains

A

trabecular (struts and plates) in an open network

25
Q

_______ is located where stresses come from a limited range of directions

A

compact bone

26
Q

what is the process of converting other tissue to bone

A

ossification

27
Q

a bone is covered by a

A

periosteum

28
Q

a bone is lined with

A

endosteum

29
Q

the _______ has a fibrous outer layer and a cellular layer

A

periosteum

30
Q

function of periosteum

A

isolates the bone from surrounding tissues
provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
actively participates in bone growth and repair

31
Q

what does the endosteum contain

A

incomplete cellular layer line

marrow cavity

32
Q

what does the endosteum cover

A

the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the inner surfaces of the central canals

33
Q

function of endosteum

A

ossification

34
Q

Which of the following organs lies directly posterior to the sternum?

a. Brain
b. Heart
c. Spinal cord
d. Liver

A

Heart

35
Q

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?

a. Clavicle
b. Scapula
c. Sternum
d. Ilium

A

Sternum

36
Q

The arrangement of bones and muscles of the pectoral girdle is such that there is a high
degree of ________ but a low level of ________.

A

flexibility; stability

37
Q

Which of the following bones is capable of bearing the greatest physical stress?

a. Ischium
b. Fibula
c. Femur
d. Patella

A

Femur

38
Q

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus?

a. calcaneus
b. head
c. medial malleolus
d. lateral malleolus

A

lateral malleolus

39
Q

The “Hallux” refers to which part of the body?

a. Metacarpal
b. Big toe
c. Thumb
d. Metatarsal

A

Big toe

A&P SBI171 (5 decks)

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