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A&P SBI171 > Week 1: The Human Body > Flashcards

Week 1: The Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

All living things have certain common characteristics

A
  • organization
  • responsiveness
  • growth and differentiation
  • reproduction
  • movement
  • metabolism and excretion
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2
Q

Anatomy is

A

The study of internal and external structures and the physical relationships among body parts.

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3
Q

Physiology is

A

The study of how living organisms perform vital functions. All specific functions are performed by specific structures.

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4
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

Established by the equipment used

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5
Q

Histology

A

Examine tissues, groups of cells that have specific functional roles

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6
Q

Tissues combine to form

A

Organs: anatomical unites with multiple functions

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7
Q

Organs combine to form

A

Organ Systems: groups of organs that function together

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8
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Macroscopic Anatomy
-features that are visible without a microscope

Includes:
Surface Anatomy
Regional Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy

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9
Q

Physiology can be approached:

A

cellular
organismal
systemic

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10
Q

What are organelles?

A

Small structures within cells that perform specific functions

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11
Q

What is a group of cells within a similar structure and function and their associated extracellular substances?

A

Tissue

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12
Q

What are the 4 primary types of tissue?

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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13
Q

What are structures composed of two or more tissues that perform specific functions?

A

Organs

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14
Q

What is the condition in which body functions, fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are maintained at levels suitable to support life?

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

What are the organ systems?

A 
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive
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16
Q

Autoregulation occurs when?

A

The activities of a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system change automatically in response to an environmental changes

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17
Q

What is it when a stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus?

A

Positive feedback loop

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18
Q

The four reference systems are ____,____,_____, and______

A

Directions
Planes
Cavities
Structural

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19
Q

The upper structures are considered to be____, and a lower structure is _______.

A

Superior

Inferior

20
Q

An alternate term for anterior is _______,

A

Ventral

21
Q

An alternate term for dorsal is

A

Posterior

22
Q

Toward the head

A

Superior/Cranial/Cephallic

23
Q

Nearest the Origin

A

Proximal

24
Q

The opposite of the nearest point of attachment is

A

Distal

25
Q

The plane parallel to the medain is the ____ plane

A

Sagittal

26
Q

Dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

A

Transverse/Horizontal

27
Q

Anterior and posterior portions are divided by the

A

Frontal/Coronal

28
Q

The organs of any cavity are referred as

A

Visceral

29
Q

The dorsal cavity is divided into the

A

Cranial and Spinal cavity

30
Q

Between the pleural cavities is the

A

Mediastinum

31
Q

The lining of the abdominal wall is the

A

Parietal Paritoneum

32
Q

______ is the liquid portion of a cell

A

Protoplasm

33
Q

Occasionally, _________ is synonymous with inferior

A

Caudal

34
Q

Blood flows in one direction through the heart because the heart has valves that prevent backflow. This phenomenon exemplifies __________.

A

The principle of complementarity of structure and function

35
Q

What represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive?

A

organismal level

36
Q

The human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the integumentary system. This is an example of a necessary life function. Select the correct function from the list below.

A

maintaining boundaries

37
Q

What is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

A

Blood clotting

38
Q

A serosa, or serous membrane, can be found within what body cavity?

A

The ventral body cavity

39
Q

The cranial cavity is part of __________.

A

the dorsal body cavity

40
Q

Approximately what percentage of the air we breathe is made of oxygen?

A

20%

41
Q 
The anatomy of a body part is intimately tied to its specific function. Scientists call this the
principle of:
a) Homeostasis
b) Negative feedback
c) Complementarity
d) Positive feedback
A

Complementarity

42
Q

Which of the following is a logical organization?

a) Atoms, tissues, cells, molecules
b) Atoms, cells, molecules, tissues
c) Molecules, atoms, cells, tissues
d) Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues

A

Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues

43
Q

One survival need of humans is appropriate atmospheric pressure. At high altitudes where
atmospheric pressure is lower, you might expect that oxygen acquisition would:

A

Decrease

44
Q

The term ___________ serosa refers to internal organs, while the term ____________serosa
refers to body cavity walls.

A

visceral, parietal

45
Q

Which single abdominopelvic region/quadrant is the bladder located in?

A

Hypogastric region

46
Q

The three main components of all cells include the plasma membrane, the nucleus, and the:

A

Cytoplasm

A&P SBI171 (5 decks)

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