Week 3: Sustainable development Flashcards
1972
Conference on the human env. in stockholm
=> first global conf. on env.
=> only one earth
=> 3 mega trends (large-scale indus. pollution, growing threat of nuclear radiation, mass destruction of entire ecosystems)
1987
Our common future
=> prep. by world commission on env. + dev.
=> linkage poverty + pollution
=> definition of SD
Sustainable Development
Development that meets the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs
1992
UN Conventions of Env.+Dev.
=> 5 Themes
=> 5 Radical Agendas
5 Themes
1.Role of national government
2. People/ local communities/ NGOs
3. The needs & rights of the poor and disadvantaged
4. Open government
5. International cooperation
5 Themes: Role of national government
Capacity building
5 Themes: People/ local communities/ NGOs
shift from top-down to bottom-up approach
5 Themes: The needs & rights of the poor and disadvantaged
Connection btw poverty and pollution
5 Themes: Open government
Accountable & Participatory democracy
5 Themes: International cooperation
collab. btw. developing and dev. countries
5 radical agendas
1) Climate Convention
2) Biodiversity
3) Forest Principles
4) Rio Declaration
5) Agenda 21
5 radical agendas: Climate convention
CO2 emissions and global warming
5 radical agendas: Biodiversity
Focus on complex ecosystem
5 radical agendas: Forest principles
Tropical rainforest to avoid the costs of CO2 emission reduction
5 radical agendas: Rio Declaration
27 Principles
5 radical agendas: Agenda 21
Action plan for each member country
Agenda 21 - Each country should promote:
- social and encon. development
- conservation and management of resources for development
- strengthen role of major groups involved in achieving SD
Agenda 21 - Means of implementation
- fin. resources and mechanisms
- env. friendly technology transfer
- capacity building, science, into. institutional arrangements
Local Agenda 21: South Korea - current status
- establishment of green city Busan 21 in 1995
- guidelines for making local A21 1997
- 2007, 218/ 246 local gov. made A21
Local Agenda 21: South Korea - Accomplishments
- MOEs regulations for setting up, operating and supporting local A21 Promotion Organization (june 2004)
- MOE distributed educational and publicizing materials regarding local A21 to local gov, local officials training center
devised Institutionalization roadmap and promoted model projects
Critiques Agenda 21
- Ambiguity
- financial weakness (esp. of developing c)
- No mention of debts, armstrade, war, nuclear threats
- no discussion on how north achieve SD => northern bias, imposing rules to env. friendly ones to developing countries
- no legally binding agreement
- gap btw developing and dev. countries over understanding of SD and how to implement
Achievements Agenda 21
- Institutionalization of env. concerns (issues embedded in plans, policies, projects)
- linkage env. + econ.
- env. costs and pricing recognized
- shift from top down to bottom up => emphasis public participation
- reappraisal of poor farmers - participatory approach and indigenous knowledge
- from ignorance to rcognition
MDGs
- 8 mdgs - target 2015
=> halve extreme poverty to halting spread of HIV - blueprint agreed to by all countries and leading development institutions
- progress chart
MDG Achievements
- first global framework anchored in partnership btw. developing and dev. countries
- Africa: poverty reduction and econ growth
- Best result: public health, child mortality rate in Senegal, Rwanda and China HIV treatment campaign
MDG Challenges
- Targets: manipulation and misinterpretation of statistics
- suffocating a range of other dev. agendas untouched
- focus on developing countries
- inequality, socioeconomic exclusion => poor indicator
- Relationship between North and South
- lack of democracy issues in poor countries
- lack of ambition
SD Implications
- inclusive growth
- SD
- Peace and security
- for dev + dev countries
SDG goals
economic growth
social development
environment
Ecological footprint
- enabling us to estimate resource consumption and waste of a defined human pop or economy in terms of a corresponding productive land area
- land-based measure of SD
- footprint in relation to land area excl. unproductive land
- proportional to both population and per capita material consumption
Footprint application: eco deficit
ecological deficit/ positive footprint => natural capital depleted or imposing footprint on other countries via imports (North America 3 times share of worlds average)
