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GB - Continuing Ed: NZ, Australia, SA, Chile, Arg > Week 3 - South Africa > Flashcards

Week 3 - South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

Are South African wines well-understood in Canada?

A

No. Need to specific LCBO stores to find but selection is growing.

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2
Q

Are exports from South Africa growing? When did this start to occur?

A

Slowly. Since 1994.

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3
Q

Describe SA’s climate.

A

Mediterrean.
Warm summers from November to April
Coastal regions are cooler
Inland regions are warmer and drier. Irrigation is necessary.

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4
Q

Are South African wines good sources of value?

A

Yes - at all levels.

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5
Q

Name 4 districts in the Cape South Coast Region.

A
  1. Walker Bay
  2. Elgin
  3. Overberg
  4. Agulhas
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6
Q

Name 3 inland regions.

A
  1. Worcester
  2. Paarl
  3. Robertson
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7
Q

Describe the strictness, or lack therefor, of tbe appelation system of South Africa.

A

Relatively free system allowing for innovation and growth
Regions still evolving
Excitement growing for recent SA vintages
New terroirs are being identified and groomed for correct varietals

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8
Q

How are South African winemakers experimenting? What kinds of wines are being created?

A

Experiments with different vessels, shapes and sizes
* Wooden barrels, plastic, clay, concrete
* New yeast species
Effects on wine:
* Reds are lighter and juicier
* Whites are zippier and tighter
* Rosés are paler and drier
* Nuanced, bright fresh style, role of oak diminishing or eliminated

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9
Q

Describe the history of characteristics of SA’s wine classification system.

A

Established in 1972
South African version of AOC’s minus French restrictions:
* Certifies vintage, varietal and area of origin
* Sustainable certification to guarantee eco-sensitive production

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10
Q

What are the key WO labelling requirements (think percentages).

A

100% from stated area
Minimum 75% from stated vintage
Minimum 85% from stated variety

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11
Q

What does Estate mean on the label?

A

Rare term; appears on wines bottled on the location/farm on which the grapes were grown.

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12
Q

What does Methode Cap Classique mean on the label?

A

Traditional method sparkling

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13
Q

What does Noble Late Harvest mean on the label?

A

Sweet wines made from botrytized grapes.

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14
Q

What does Premier Grand Cru mean on the label?

A

Dry, light and usually blended white - misleading term occasionally used in SA

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15
Q

What does Vin de Constance mean on the label?

A

SA’s oldest wine dating back to Napolean
Sweet wine of Constantia

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16
Q

Describe SA’s geographical wine hierarchy (larger to smaller)

A

Regions
Districts
Wards
Estate

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17
Q

Name the 3 regions in the Western Cape Geographical Unit.

A

Coastal Region
Cape South Coast
Breede River Valley

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18
Q

Name 2 districts in the Breede River Valley region

A

Worcester (upper)
Robertson (lower

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19
Q

Name 2 districts in the Cape South Coast region

A
  1. Elgin
  2. Walker Bay
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20
Q

Name 5 districts in the Coastal region

A
  1. Swartland
  2. Paarl
  3. Stellenbosch
  4. Capetown
  5. Darling
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21
Q

Name 4 wards. What districts are they in?

A
  1. Durbanville - Capetown District
  2. Hemel-en-Aarde - Walker Bay Distict
  3. Constantia - Capetown District
  4. Elim - Cape South Coast Region
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22
Q

Where is Shiraz grown in South Africa?

A
  1. Stellenbosch
  2. Paarl
  3. Swartland
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23
Q

Where is Cabernet Sauvignon grown in South Africa?

A
  1. Stellenbosch
  2. Paarl
  3. Robertson
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24
Q

Where is Pinotage grown in South Africa?

A
  1. Paarl
  2. Stellenbosch
  3. Swartland
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25
Q

Where is Semillon grown in South Africa?

A
  1. Stellenbosch
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26
Q

Where is Chardonnay grown in South Africa?

A
  1. Walker Bay
  2. Elgin
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27
Q

Where is Chenin Blanc grown in South Africa?

A
  1. Paarl
  2. Swartland
  3. Stellenbosch
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28
Q

Name 2 excellent SA vintages.

A

2020
2021

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29
Q

Describe 5 different styles of Chenin Blanc.

A
  1. Crisp and refreshing: Elgin and Walker Bay (acid, green apple, citrus)
  2. Rich and full-bodied: Swaartland and Paarl (stone, tropical, fuller body)
  3. Oak-aged: Stellenbosck, Franschhoek (baked apple, caramel, buttery)
  4. Sweet: Constantia (apricot, candied orange peel, fig, sweet balanced with acidity)
  5. Cap-Classique: Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Robertson
30
Q

Describe a crisp Chenin Blanc

A

Floral: apple blosson
Green fruit: quince
Citrus: lime
Tropical: passionfruit
Celery

31
Q

Describe a rich Chenin Blanc

A

Apple - baked
Lemon - meringue
Stone - nectarine
Tropical - passionfruit
Honey

32
Q

Why is SA’s Pinotage called a chameleon?

A

Spectrum of styles
Youthful fruit forward
Age worthy

33
Q

What is SA Pinotage like on the nose and palate?

A

Nose
* Vibrant fresh reds (cooler)
* Ripe dark fruits (warmer)
* Oak: vanilla, mocha, spice
* Age: leather, smoked meat, tobacco

Palate:
* Full bodied and tannic
* Silkier, higher alcohol, fuller (warmer)
* Some producers making lighter
* Top level: silky mouthfeel like Merlot

34
Q

What are the primary flavours of Pinotage?

A

Blackfruit (blackberry, black cherry)
Herbal: mint
Dried/cooked fruit: fig
Bottle ageing: game

35
Q

Describe the climate and soils of Stellenbosch

A

Climate
* Warm mediterrean
* Good rainfall - no irrigation
* Temps higher in north
* Perfect for grape growing
Soils
* Light and sandy (west) - good for Chenin
* Heavier soils on mountain slopes
* Decomposed granate at mountain foot

36
Q

What grapes grow in Stellenbosch

A

Red: Bordeaux varieties, Shiraz and Pinotage
White: SB, some CB, Chard, Riesling

37
Q

Describe the disrict of Stellenbosch.

A
  1. Heart of quality wine production
  2. Largest in area under vine but only 5th in production
  3. 150 estates
    * Ken Forrester, Raats Family, Rustenberg
  4. Home to Stellenbosch University
38
Q

Name some subwards in Stellenbosch.

A
  1. Simonsberg - first official subregion
  2. Jonkershoek Valley - small, long recognized, mountains east of Stellenbosch
  3. Papegaalberg
  4. Bottelary
  5. Banghoek
  6. Polkadraal Hills
  7. Heiderberg
39
Q

Describe the soils of Stellenbosch.

A

Best wines tend come from vineyards that are on alluvial fans of the granite mountains.

The wines from these locations are often described as having a subtle mineral note which many believe is from the decomposed granite soils.

The granite mountains are approximately 600 million years old, over 3 times as old as the soil in Napa.

40
Q

Where is Simonsberg?

A

Simonsberg is a ward in the district of Stellenbosch.

41
Q

Describe the soils of Simonsberg.

A

Deep, reddish clay soils - massive tannins that need ageing

42
Q

What wines are produced in Simonsberg?

A
  1. Bordeaux Blends
  2. Chenin Blancs, Sauvignon Blanc (the blancs)
43
Q

Give the WO of Jonkershoek.

A

Jonkershoek is a ward in the district of Stellenbosch.

44
Q

Describe Jonkershoek Valley

A

Home to only 1 of 6 floral kingdoms in the world
9.600 recorded plant species
* 70% not found elsewhere in the world
Fragile region

45
Q

What wine is Jonkershoek known for?

A

Syrah

46
Q

Describe a Syrah from Jonkershoek

A

Red fruit: Cherry syrup
Black fruit: bramble
Herbal: menthol
Minerality: clay dust
Oak: sweet tobacco

47
Q

What is the WO of Banghoek?

A

Banghoek is a ward in the district of Stellenbosch.

48
Q

What wines does Banghoek produce?

A
  1. Chardonnay
  2. Chenin
    * Lemon curd, pineapple, vanilla, acid
49
Q

In what region is Paarl?

A

Paarl is in the Coastal Region.

50
Q

What wines are produced in Paarl?

A

Red: Shiraz, Bordeaux varieties, Pinotage
White: Chenin Blanc, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay

51
Q

Describe Swartland.

A

Traditionally a grain producing area
Recent awards for reds and whites
Top portstyle wines

52
Q

What grapes are grown in Swartland?

A

Red: Pinotage, Shiraz, CS
White: Chard, CB, SB

53
Q

Name 3 of the 5 wards in Swartland.

A
  1. Riebeekberg
  2. Riebeeksrivier
  3. Malmesbury
  4. Paardeberg
  5. Paardeberg-South
54
Q

What LCBO wines come from Franschhoek?

A
  1. The Chocolate Block
  2. Porcupine Ridge

LCBO: $83

55
Q

What grapes are grown in Franschhoek?

A

Red: Syrah
White: Semillon, SB, Chard

56
Q

Name 4 of the 6 WO’s in the Cape South Coast.

A
  1. Elgin
  2. Walker Bay
  3. Overberg
  4. Cape Agulhas
  5. Plettenberg Bay
  6. Swellendam
57
Q

In what region is Elgin found?

A

Cape South Coast

58
Q

Describe Elgin’s climate.

A

High-lying cool climate

59
Q

What grapes are grown in Elgin?

A

White: Chard, Riesling, SB
Red: Pinot Noir, Shiraz

60
Q

Describe the climate of Walker Bay.

A

One of the coolest regions in SA
Slate soils 300-600m above sea level

61
Q

What grapes are grown in Walker Bay?

A

White: Chardonnay, SB
Red: Pinot Noir, Pinotage, Merlot, Shiraz

62
Q

Describe the SB in Walker Bay

A

Cross between Sancerre and Hawke’s Bay.

63
Q

Describe the output of the Breede River Valley

A

1/3 of SA’s vineyards
40% of production

64
Q

Describe the climate of Robertson.

A

Hot climate
Tempered slightly by clouds from sea
Irrigation from Breede River
Lime soil

65
Q

What grapes are grown in Robertson?

A

White: Columbard, CB, Chard, SB
Red: CS, Shiraz

66
Q

Where is Worcester?

A

Northeast of Paarl in the Breede River Valley region.

67
Q

Describe the climate of Worcester.

A

Hot dry area that needs irrigation.

68
Q

Does Worcester produce brandy?

A

Yes.
Most important brandy producing area.
Largest distilley of its kind in southern hemisphere

69
Q

What grapes are grown in Worcester?

A

White: CB and Colombard
Red: CS and Cinsault

70
Q

To where are a lot of Worcester wines exported?

A

Many Worcester wines are custom made for the UK.

GB - Continuing Ed: NZ, Australia, SA, Chile, Arg (5 decks)

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