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GB - Continuing Ed: NZ, Australia, SA, Chile, Arg > Week 1 - Australia > Flashcards

Week 1 - Australia Flashcards

1
Q

What is South Eastern Australia?

A

The areas of
1. New South Wales
2. Victoria
3. Tasmania

Those small areas of Queensland and South Australia where grapes are grown.

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2
Q

Are exports important?

A

Yes. They are a key driver for exports and price points.

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3
Q

What does Australia have in abundance? What is it lacking?

A

Lots of sunshine and energy.
Short on water and labour - handpicking rare

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4
Q

Is Australia humid or dry?

A

Driest continent on the plant.
95% not fit for grape production.

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5
Q

How many climate zones are in Australia?

A

3 zones
All offer a range of wines and styles

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6
Q

What are the 3 climate zones called and where are they?

A

Cool - Victoria and Tasmania
Warm - Western Australia
Hot - Southern and Central

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7
Q

What markets are Australia’s exports driven by?

A

Fruit forward, bold, crowd pleasing style

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8
Q

What are the key red varietals?

A

Shiraz, Pinot Noir

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9
Q

What are the key white varietals?

A

Chardonnay, Riesling, Semillon

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10
Q

Are Australian wines diverse?

A

Yes. Very wide range of styles.
“Regionality” is increasing - new subregions are being established.

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11
Q

Lis the GI categories

A

Product of Austalia - anywhere in country
South Eastern Australia - blends from New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and Queesland
**State of Origin **- Victoria, Tasmania, etc
Zones - Barossa
**Regions **- Barossa is Barossa Valley and Eden Valley
Sub-Regions - Smaller GI’s within a region

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12
Q

What are GI’s

A
  • Geographical Indications
  • Developed in 1994
  • Geographical boundaries, not experience with terroir but starting to change
  • Terroir becoming more important
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13
Q

List the 6 wine producing states of Australia.

A
  1. South Australia
  2. Victoria
  3. New South Wales
  4. Western Australia
  5. Tasmania
  6. Queensland
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14
Q

List important zones in South Australia.

A

Barossa, Coonawarra, Eden Valley, Clare Valley, Adelaide Hills, McLaren Vale, Riverland

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15
Q

List important zones in Victoria.

A

Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Geelong, Heathcote, Goulburn, Rutherglenn

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16
Q

List important zones in New South Wales.

A

Hunter Valley, Riverina, Murray-Darling

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17
Q

List important zones in Western Australia.

A

Margaret River, Frankland River, Mount Barker, Great Southern

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18
Q

List important zones in Tasmania.

A

Northwest, East Coast

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19
Q

List important zones in Queensland.

A

New England

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20
Q

Describe the history and status of Shiraz.

A
  1. Introduced in 1832 by James Busby
  2. 1970’s - old Shiraz and Grenache vines pulled for CS
  3. 1980’s - Lindeman’s and Jacob’s Creek made popular
  4. High end still strong, value wines struggling
  5. Penfold’s Grange (Max Schubert 1951) and Hill of Grace (Penschke)
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21
Q

What are some key markers for Shiraz?

A

Black fruit, milk chocolate, baking spices, black pepper

22
Q

Describe Riesling

A

Can be very high in acid
Most planted grape until 1980’s

23
Q

What is the climate of South Australia?

A

Intensely hot - Riverland
Hot and dry - Barossa
Cool - Coonawarra

24
Q

Describe the soil of cool Coonawarra

A

Iron rich on limestone subsoil

25
Q

Describe the soil of Barossa

A

Salty red brown clay

26
Q

What are the primary grapes of South Australia?

A

All Bordeaux varieties, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling, SB, Shiraz

27
Q

What is the best vintage for South Australia?

A

2021

28
Q

Describe Barossa

A
  1. Most important region in SA
  2. Shiraz - big and bold, spice and chocolate
  3. Two sub GI’s: Barossa Valley and Eden Valley
  4. Acidification routine
  5. Phylloxera free
  6. Similar to Napa
29
Q

Describe a Shiraz from Barossa Valley.

A

Powerful
Ripe confected black fruit
Dried currant
Mocha
Tobacco
Pepper
Clay pot
Grippy and fine grained
High alcohol

30
Q

Describe the Australian Sub GI of Barossa Valley.

A

Dry farmed old vineyards on west side of valley
Penfolds Grange

31
Q

Describe South Australia’s Adelaide Hills

A
  • Cooler than Barossa Valley so white wines and elegant, savoury reds
  • Many oak-aged whites
  • Mass-produced, SS
32
Q

Describe South Australia’s Eden Valley

A
  • Increased elevation due to Mt. Lofty so cooler climate
  • Wines are higher acid, more tart and elegant
  • Shiraz more delicate
  • Riesling
  • Hill of Grace (Henschke) makes all varieties
33
Q

Describe South Australia’s Riverland.

A

High yields and bulk wine
Value driven
CS, Shiraz and Chardonnay

34
Q

Describe South Australia’s Clare Valley

A

Riesling
* Polish Hill
* High acid, minerality, agebility
* Elegant Bordeaux blends

35
Q

Describe South Australia’s Fleurieu (McLaren Vale and Langhorne Creek)

A

Primarily Shiraz
Intense, savoury notes:
* Licorice, roast meat, mocha, graphite, exotic spices
High alcohol

36
Q

Describe South Australia’s Coonwarra.

A
  • Part of Limestone coast
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Terra Rossa soil (iron-rich clay)
37
Q

Describe the climate and soil of Victoria.

A

Varied climate: hot interior, cool coast and hills
Soil: loam for fortified, sandy for bulk, gravel for premium

38
Q

Give an overview of Victoria

A

600+ producers
Australia’s biggest winery: Lindeman’s
Very cool coastal areas
Fine wine drinker
Shiraz and Chardonnay dominate

39
Q

What is an excellent vintage in Victoria?

A

2021

40
Q

Describe Yarra Valley in Victoria.

A
  • Complex region: different elevations, soils and exposure
  • Pinot Noir - comparable to Cote d’Or (?)
  • CS, Riesling, dry to sweet, skin-contact, sparkling
41
Q

Describe Heathcote in Victoria.

A

Interior so warmer
Shiraz - savoury, minerality, plums, dark cherry, licorice
Oldest soils in the world (pre-Cambrian basalt)
Big, juicy wines

42
Q

Describe Mornington Peninsula in Victoria.

A

Soil variation, just like Alsace
Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

43
Q

Describe Rutherglen in Victoria.

A

Dessert wines
Liqueur Muscat (dark skinned version)
Liqueur Tokay

44
Q

Describe the climate of New South Wales

A

Much like Languedoc in summer but can be wet
Varies - hotter and drier but cooler and wetter areas too

45
Q

Give an overview of New South Wales

A
  • Second largest wine state
  • First wine making region - 1788
  • Close to Sydney so developed and survived
  • Hot humid climate - botrytis, but also elevation
  • Semillon
46
Q

Describe Hunter Valley in New South Wales.

A

Close to Sydney
Cloudy, hot and humid
Lower Hunter: Semillon and luscious Shiraz
Upper Hunter: lower rainfall, less disease pressure

47
Q

What is the climate of Western Australia?

A

Varied
* Long hot summers (Swan River)
* Mediterranean (Margaret River)
* Huge diurnal shifts

48
Q

Describe Margaret River in Western Australia.

A
  • Most important GI
  • Premier wines -finesse and elegance
  • Bordeaux varietals
  • Most isolated wine region in the world
  • Since 1967: world class Chardonnay and Cab blends
  • 200+ producers
  • Boutique region - 60% of producers: <4000 cases
49
Q

Give an overview of Western Australia

A

Established 1820
3% total production but 30% of awards
Quality and great value
Swan Valley - hottest wine region in the world
Indian Ocean moderating influence
Wines very different from other side of country

50
Q

What is the Leeuwin Current

A

Moderates Margaret River
Brings rain, mostly in winter, more than Bordeaux
* Supports vines
* Perfect mediterranean climate
* Soils can store moisture for months
Goes wrong way: north to south
* warmer in winter
* cooler in summer
Balanced climate, even ripening = high quality

GB - Continuing Ed: NZ, Australia, SA, Chile, Arg (5 decks)

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