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NURS2518 : The Older Client > Week 3 : Sensory Perception textbook questions > Flashcards

Week 3 : Sensory Perception textbook questions Flashcards

1
Q

define what sensory changes mean ?

A

a number of changes ( some loss of smell, sight, sound, and touch) occur in the sensory organs as result of a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factor .

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2
Q

Eyes and vision. True or false. Changes in vision and the eyes begin very early and are both functional and structural.

A

true

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3
Q

This is an age related decrease in near vision that typically becomes noticeable at the age of 40, where glasses are needed for close vision

A

Presyobia

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4
Q

some pathological conditions that are common in aging include

A

glaucoma
cataracts
macular degeneration

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5
Q

true or false. Extraocular changes : Age related changes affect both the form and function of the eyes

A

true

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6
Q

what is senileptosis ?

A

when eyes lose elasticity

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7
Q

when eyes lose elaasticity

A

senileptosis

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8
Q

what is entropion

A

prolonged turning inward of the lower lid

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9
Q

what is ectropion

A

decreases in orbicular muscle strength

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10
Q

what is dry eye syndrome

A

severe lubrication deficiency

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11
Q

does this fit in the category of extraocular changes:

senileptosis
entropion
ectropion
dry eye syndrome

A

yes all the above are apart of the extraocular changes

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12
Q

ocular changes : guess the disease
With aging, the cornea becomes flatter, less smooth, thicker , and duller in appearance. The result is increased far-sightedness

A

hyperopia

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13
Q

is hyperopia far-sightedness or near sightedness

A

far- sightedness

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14
Q

true or false: ocular changes : the ability to adjust to changes in light and the need for higher levels of lighting are the result of reduced responsiveness of the pupils and changes in the cornea.

A

wrong! changes in the lens, not the cornea

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15
Q

Ocular changes : describe what this is describing
This is a small, flexible, biconvex, Crystal-like structure just behind the iris- is the most responsible for visual acuity.

A

it is describing the lens

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16
Q

Ocular changes : ____ adjust the light entering the pupil and focuses it on the retina.

A

lens

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17
Q

Ocular changes: With age, light scattering increases and color perception decreases.

As a result, glare is a problem not only when created by sunlight outdoors but also when created by the reflection of light from any shiny object, such as polished floor or surface.

A

true

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18
Q

Intraocular changes :
______, lines the inside the eye, has less distinct margins is duller in appearance in older adults than in younger adults.

A

retina

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19
Q

Intraocular changes : Arteries in the back of the eye may show ____ and slight narrowing

A

atherosclerosis ( thickening or hardening)

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20
Q

true or false. Intra-ocular changes, arteries in the back of the eye may show atherosclerosis and slight narrowing. If a person has a long history of hypertension, veins may show indentations
( nicking ) as they pass over the arteries.

A

true

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21
Q

Ears and Hearing :
What is presbycusis ?

A

the most common type of hearing loss in older adults is a high-frequency, sensorineural

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22
Q

True or false. Hearing loss can lead to social withdrawal and decrease the risk for depression and falls.

A

false, it increases it

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23
Q

Ears and hearing :

What loses flexibility and becomes longer and wider as a result of diminished elasticity.

A

auricle

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24
Q

what does funduscopy mean ?

A

opthalmoscopic examination of the fundus of the eye

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25
what is drusen ?
deposits under the retina, often found in people over the age of 60 years.
26
what is keratoconjuctivis sicca?
diminished tear production with age.
27
what is lipofuscin
an age related fatty brown pigment found in the liver, retina, kidneys, adrenals, nerve cells, and heart tissue
28
what is prelingual deafness
deafness that occurs before acquisition of spoken language
29
what does tonometry procedure
used by eye care professionals to determine intraocular pressure of the eye
30
what is the etiology behind keratoconjuctivitis sicca
the etiology is unclear ( but there are age related changes such as mucin secreting, lacrimal gland, mobomian glands that secrete surface oil)
31
what type of medications can cause dry eyes ?
vitamin a
32
diseases that affect the vision
Glaucoma Cataracts AMD
33
Explain what glaucoma is
the progression of glaucoma indicates a process --> natural fluids of the eye are blocked by ciliary muscle rigidity gradual build of disease intra-ocular pressure ---> damage to the optic nerve
34
what are the risk factors for the development of glaucoma ?
Age Diabetes steroid use past eye injuries family hsiotry
35
what are the 3 types of glaucoma
1. Primary open angle glaucoma 2. Acute angle- closure glaucoma 3. Low-tension or normal tension glaucoma
36
name the characteristics for primary open angle glaucoma
asymptomatic until very late in the disease can be treated and blindness or severe vision can be prevented (if detected early)
37
name the characteristics for acute angle closure glaucoma
-accompanied by redness and acute pain in and around the eye -severe headaches -nausea -vomiting -blurred vision
38
name the characteristics for low tension or normal tension glaucoma
damage to the optic nerve cause is unknown risk factors 1) family history 2) any kind of glaucoma 3) cardiovascular disease
39
What is a cataract
cataract causes oxidative damage to the lens protein and by fatty deposits known as lipofuscin
40
what are the common causes of cataracts ?
heredity and advanced age
41
what else could be the cause of cataracts
excessive sunlight or who have poor dietary habits, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, previous eye trauma, or a history of alcohol and tocacco.
42
what is the assessment for cataracts?
Recognized by the clouding of the ordinarily clear ocular lens Symptoms : appearance of halos around objects, blurring, decreased perception of light and color ( giving a yellow tint to most things), and sensitivity to glare.
43
what is the intervention for cataract?
surgery, surgery involves the removal of the cloudy lens and its replacement with an artificial lens called intraocular lens
44
this is a degenerative eye disease that affects the macula
macular degeneration
45
What is responsible for clear central vision?
the central part of the eye
46
macular degeneration is a progressive loss of central vision, leaving only ______ vision intact.
peripheral
47
AMD results from......
systemic changes in circulation disruption of photoreceptor cells accumulation of cellular waste tissue atrophy growth of abnormal blood vessel in the choroid layer beneath the retina
48
what are the risk factors of AMD ?
genetic predisposition smoking obesity family history excessive exposure to sunlight
49
What are the forms of AMD?
the two forms of and is Dry and Wet
50
what is dry AMD?
gets worse, the person may see blurred spot in the center of their vision
51
What occurs when the light sensitive cells in the macular slowly break down?
Dry AMD
52
True or false. Dry AMD is the presence of drusen, yellow deposits under the retina that are often found in people over the age of 60 years old.
true
53
What is a wet AMD?
occurs when abnormal blood vessels begin to grow under the macula and leak fluid or blood, which raises the macula from its normal place at the back of the eye
54
in the following situation : what is it describing? the fluid or blood begins to accumulate in the macula, light-sensing cone cells and degenerate and die.
Wet AMD
55
What is the assessment method we used for AMD patients?
check their eyes daily with Armsler Grid The perception of wavy lines is diagnostic of the beginning of macular degeneration
56
What are the interventions we could use for AMD?
Anti- VEGF therapy blocks the effect of the growth factor. These medications are injected into the eye as often as once as month and cna help slow vision loss from AMD and improve sight in some cases
57
What is Diabetic Retinopathy?
this is the disease of the retinal microvasculature that is characterized by increased vessel permeability
58
What are some assessments for diabetic retinopathy
early signs as microaneuryms flamed shaped hemorrhages cotton wool spots hard exudates dilated capillaries
59
how can we detect diabetic retinopathy ?
funduscopy examination
60
what are the interventions for diabetes retinopathy?
continuous blood glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure can halt the progression of the disease.
61
Auditory impairment and loss : Tinnitus name the characteristics
is the perception of sound in the absence of acoustic stimuli characterized by ringing in the ear, may also manifest as buzzing, whistling..
62
tinnitus can be caused by
loud noises excessive cerumen ( earwax) disorders of the cervical vertebrae or tempromandibular joint allergies
63
Assessments for tinnitus
tinnitus can be objective or subjective. The tinnitus handicap questionnaire measure emotional, physical, consequences of tinnitus
64
what are the interventions for tinnitus ?
hearing aids can be prescribed device that combines the features of a masker and a hearing aid and emits competitive but pleasant sound that distracts from head noise
65
Pre lingual deafness often learn what ?
audible speech, sign language, or both
66
True or false. Pre lingual deafness: Their reading and writing skills may be impaired even though their intelligence is normal.
true
67
Older adults with pre lingual deafness use signing as their first language and english as their second
true
68
What is sensation?
the ability to perceive stimulation through one's sensory organs
69
Stimulation can be internal or external 1) vision 2)hearing 3)taste 4)smell 5)touch
true
70
what is perception?
the process by which we receive, organize, and interpret sensation
71
What is sensory perception ?
can be defined as the ability to receive sensory input and, through various physiological process in the body, translate stimulus or data into meaningful information
72
Requires functioning of the visual system, which includes the eyes, surrounding optic muscle and cranial nerves II, III , IV , V, VI
vision
73
define vision in it's finest form.
requires functioning of the visual system, including the eyes, surrounding optic muscle and cranial II, III , IV , V , VI
74
name what these cranial associate with cranial II cranial III cranial IV cranial V cranial VI
optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens
75
true or false. external eye helps regulate and control the visual as well as protect the eye, aid with tear production and move the eye when desired.
true
76
internal eye consists of 3 separate layers, what are they?
outer sclera cornea the middle layer which houses choroid, ciliary body, iris and the innermost layer retina
77
The ____ communicates with the brain to produce vision
optic nerve
78
What does the hearing involve ?
involves the peripheral and central auditory systems
79
Hearing : external ear - are for hearing and processing sound, what are the name of the term responsible for this?
auricle and external auditory canal
80
what is the function of auditory canal?
to collect and transmit sound to the tympanic membrane and to protect the inner ear
81
what is the function of middle layer ?
air filled space that is located in the temporal bone
82
this is connected to the throat/nasopharynx by the eustachian tube- primary function is to equalize air pressure on both sides of the eardrum
the middle ear
83
is this the middle ear, external ear, or inner ear : bony labyrinth suring a membrane
inner ear
84
what is the function of the cochlea?
hearing ability, vestibular system which helps control balance.
85
what is scope of sensory perception?
the scope of sensory perception ranges from optimal functioning to impairment of vision, hearing, taste, smell, and tactile perception
86
What's another word for taste?
gustatory system
87
this is involve various cranial nerves and is directly related related to the ability of the mouth and tongue to detect the chemicals
taste
88
involves various cranial nerve and is directly related to the ability of the mouth and tongue to detect the chemicals , also referred to as
tastants
89
taste : sensory receptor stimulation is conducted via
cranial nerves VII, IX, X
90
taste : true or false. sensory receptor stimulation conducted via cranial nerves VII, IX, X is then transmitted to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla of the brain and also sent to other areas within the brain.
tre
91
the sense of smell is controlled primarily by cranial nerve
I ( olfactory nerve)
92
true or false. Smell depends on sensory receptors located in mucous membranes of the upper and posterior parts of the nasal cavity that respond to airborne chemicals
true
93
in the following describe the following : Cranial nerve I - XII
cranial I - olfactory Cranial II - optic cranial III - Trochlear cranial IV = trochlear cranial V= trigeminal cranial VI = abducens cranial VII =facial cranial VIII = hearing cranial IX = glossopharyngeal cranial X= vagus cranial XI = spinal accessory cranial XII = hypoglossal
93
define what touch is
sensation originates in the sensory receptors throughout the body- travel pathway it ultimately converges in the soma-sensory cortex
94
describe the following characteristics : and which cranial it's associated with visual acuity and visual fields smell reception and interpretation downward and inward eye movement eye movement laterally jaw opening and closing ; sensation to eye, forehead, nose, mouth, teeth, ear , and face controls most facial expressions, taste with anterior two thirds of tongue, excretion of tears and saliva hearing and equilbrium tongue movement, speech, and swallowing turning one's head and shrugging one's shoulder swallowing and speaking: sensation of nasopharynx, gag reflex, and taste ot posterior third of the tongue ;' secretion of salivary glands and carotid reflex, certain speech sounds and swallowing sensation behind the ear and portion of external ear canal, secretion of digestive enzymes ; peristalsis ; carotoid reflex; heart, respiratory and digestive processes raising eyelids , extraocular movements, and papillary constriction
Cranial II cranial I cranial IV cranial VI cranial V cranial VII cranial VIII cranial XII cranial XI cranial IX cranial X cranial III
95
age related changes in vision: difficult to focus on near objects Hearing loss is caused by changes in the inner ear in the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain
Presbyopia Presbycusis

NURS2518 : The Older Client (13 decks)

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