Week 3 Review - Perception Flashcards
What is Thin slice accuracy?
Judgements of faces are similar in split seconds and over unlimited time.
What is the trouble in detecting lies?
People focus too much on faces, and available cues arent good indicatiors
What can help in detecting a lie?
Hesisitations, speed or pitch change in voice.
Adding a cognitive challenge could make the lier clam up, such as telling a story backwards.
What is Personal attribution?
An internal characteristic of the person caused the behaviour (e.g., ability, personality, mood, effort)
What is situational attribution?
An external factor caused the behaviour (e.g., the task, other people, luck)
What is the Correspondent Inference Theory? (Jones & Davis, 1965)
Behavior is attributed to a corresponding personality trait or disposition.
E.g. Aggressive action due to aggressive personality
When is behaviour more informative in Correspondent Inference Theory? (Jones & Davis, 1965)
Behaviour is more informative of an enduring disposition when it is.
- Freely chosen
- Unexpected, departs from what norms and roles dictate
- Produces fewer desirable effects
E.g. Chis accepts a job
a. $150K/year, easy commute, interesting work
b. $150K/year, long commute, boring work
B is more telling, because it has one good feature; revealing that he cares about money more than other factors
What is the prinicipal of the Covariation model of Attribution? (Kelley, 1967)
the cause of a behaviour should be present when the behaviour occurs and absent when it does not
What are the three types of info utilised in the Covariation Model
- Consensus - Do other people react similarly to this stimulus?
- Distinctiveness - Does this person react differently to other stimuli?
- Consistency - Does this person react similarly to this stimulus on other occasions?
What are some limitations of Kelley’s Covariation Model?
Although we can use the information, we don’t always use it
Can be poor at determining covariation
May simply attribute causality to most salient feature
Requires multiple observations
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to overlook situational factors and instead make internal attributions for others’ behaviour.
Why do people ignore situational factors in behaviour?
Attribution is a two step process:
- a fast and automatic initial identification and attribution
- amending attribution to account for situational factors, which requires thought and effort
The difference of attributions within cultures
When situational constraints were salient (experienced first hand), eastern cultures were less likely to display the fundamental attribution error.
When situational constraints were not salient both groups showed the error.
Context is more important to easterners, whereas traits are more important to westeners.
What happens when bad things happen to good people?
it threatens our belief in a just world (good creates good, bad creates bad)
How do we put together traits to form an overall impression?
Central traits (e.g., warm vs. cold) are more useful for constructing an integrated impression than other peripheral traits (e.g., polite vs. blunt)
