Week 3 Review Flashcards
Redness caused by inflammation
Erythema
Acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure
Miliaria Rubra
Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, dilation of blood vessels, and in severe cases, the formation of papules and pustules
Rosacea
Razor bumps without the pus or infection
Pseudofolliculitis
Inflammatory skin condition caused by an allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical
Contact dermatitis
Skin condition characterized by inflammation, dry or oily scaling or crusting, and/or itchiness
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Allergic reaction by the body’s histamine production
Urticaria
White, yellow, or flesh-colored benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Acne-like condition around the mouth, consisting mainly of small clusters of papules
Perioral dermatitis
Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended blood vessels
Telangiectasia
Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions
Hyperhidrosis
Dilation of the blood vessels
Vasodilation
Chronic, relapsing form of dermatitis
Atpoic dermatitis
Itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales
Psoriasis
Deficiency in perspiration due to failure of the sweat glands
Anhidrosis
Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings
Wheal
Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue
Keloid
inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus
Pustule
Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth
Ulcer
Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin
Cyst
Dead cells formed over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material
Crust
Small blister or sac containing clear fluid
Vesicle
Small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule
Papule
Large blister containing watery fluid
Bulla
Excessive shedding of dead skin cells
Scale
Crack in the skin that may penetrate into the dermis
Fissure
Bump smaller than a tumor, caused by scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections
Nodule
Abnormal, rounded solid lump, larger than a papule
Tubercle
Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms, caused by blocked follicles
Keratosis pilaris
Increased pigmentation, also known as liver spots
Chloasma
Hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus
Verruca
Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough that is a result of sun damage and should be checked by a dermatologist
Actinic keratoses
Malformation of the skin from abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries; also known as a birthmark
Nevus
Rare genetic condition characterized by the lack of melanin pigment in the body including the skin, hair, and eyes
Albinism
Flat, pigmented area similar to a freckle
Lentigo
Acquired, thickened patch of epidermis
Keratoma
Pigmented nevus, ranging in color from tan to bluish black
Mole
Loss of pigmentation
Leukoderma
Hyperpigmentation triggered by hormonal changes, often during pregnancy or with birth control use
Melasma
Thickening of the skin caused by mass of keratinocytes
Hyperkeratosis
Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up because they do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin
Retention hyperkeratosis
This is caused by sun damage rather than genetics
Actinic aging
Excessive cell turnover and dead skin cell buildup
Hyperkeratosis
Skin that appears red with distended capillaries
Couperose skin
Center area of the face, corresponding to the shape formed by the forehead, nose, and chin
T zone
This, along with lifestyle and attitude, can contribute to the skin’s health
Stress
Abnormal hypertrophic scarring
Keloids
Skin that lacks water
Dehydrated skin
This evaluates photodamage based on wrinkling categorized by age
Glogau Scale
Factor that prohibits a treatment due to a condition
Contraindication
Dark areas on the skin
Age spots
This is used to measure the skin type’s ability to tolerate sun exposure
Fitzpatrick Scale
Skin that lacks oil
Alipidic skin
Skin that lacks oxygen
Asphyxiated skin
This used levels to classify photodamage by the depth of skin changes or damage
Rubin’s classifications of photodamage
Group of oils that are chemically combined with silicone and oxygen and leave a noncomedogenic protective film on the surface of the skin
Silicones
Lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats
Fatty acids
Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering appearance
Cosmetics
This comes from petroleum sources
Mineral oil
Highly concentrated plant oils with properties that can have various effects on the skin
Essential oils
Does not contain any water
Anhydrous
These prevent bacteria and other microorganisms from living in a product
Preservatives
Fatty materials used to lubricate and moisturize the skin
Emollients
These are produced from combining fatty acids and fatty alcohols
Fatty esters
These components cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin
Performance ingredients
These are mixed into the water phase of a product during manufacturing
Water soluble
Soaps and/or detergents that clean the skin
Cleansers
These allow products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form, such as lotion, cream, or gel
Functional ingredients
Fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen
Fatty alcohols
These are mixed into the oil phase of a product during manufacturing
Oil soluble
Fats or fat-like substances that help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin
Lipids
Natural form of vitamin A that stimulates cell repair and helps to normalize skin cells by generating new cells
Retinol
This is derived from the comfrey plant or uric acid and has healing properties
Allantoin
Closed lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific areas of the skin, and control their release
Liposomes
BHA that originates from sweet birch, willow bark, and wintergreen, and which has exfoliating and antiseptic properties
Salicylic Acid
Colorants listed on ingredient labels as “D&C” or “FD&C”
Noncertified colors
Chains of amino acids used in skin care products to produce changes in the skin’s appearance
Peptides
Chemical compounds formed by a number of small molecules, and commonly used in delivery systems
Polymers
Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material and are commonly used in colorful cosmetics
Lakes
This occurs in small amounts in olive oil, wheat germ oil, and rice bran oil, and is a lubricant and perfume fixative
Squalene
Spreading agents and carrying bases necessary to the formulation of a cosmetic
Vehicles
Colorants that have been batch certified and approved by the FDA
Certified colors
These have been found to enhance immune response and cellular metabolism, which boosts oxygen uptake in the cell
Glycoproteins
Mechanical and chemical ingredients that peel or slough the outer layer of the skin
Exfoliants
This is derived from yeast cells and functions as an anti-inflammatory and moisturizing
Tissue respiratory factor (TRF)
These have a higher alcohol content and are designed for use on normal and combination skin to tighten the skin
Toners
Popular herb and oil used for aromatherapy and calming
Lavender
Concentrated ingredients that target specific skin conditions
Serums
Ancient healing practice using essential oils and aromas from plants to treat the body, mind, and spirit
Aromatherapy
The use of products such as AHAs to dissolve dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix or “glue” that holds them together
Chemical exfoliation
This comes from the hamanelis shrub and is good for toning the skin
Witch hazel
These have the highest alcohol content and are used for oily and acne-prone skin, but can be too drying and should be used carefully
Astringents
Widely-used noncomedogenic oil derived from a desert shrub and used for healing
Jojoba
Small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base
Ampoules
These involve the used of keratolytic enzymes, which help speed up the breakdown of keratin
Enzyme peels
These have a lower alcohol content and are beneficial for dry and mature skin, as well as for sensitive skin
Fresheners
Physically rubbing dead cells off of the skin
Mechanical exfoliation
One of the most common ingredients in skin care products, used for dry, aging skin
Rose
This uses ingredients such as herbs, vitamins, and oils combined with clay, seaweed, or hydrating bases that treat the skin
Mask
Plant extract used for sensitive skin
Chamomile
