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Esthetics > Week 2 Review > Flashcards

Week 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Place where bones meet one another

A

Joint

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2
Q

Chemical process that takes place in living organisms through which cells are nourished and carry out their activities

A

Metabolism

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3
Q

These produce a substance that travels through small, tube-like ducts

A

Exocrine glands

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4
Q

Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means

A

Digestion

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5
Q

Whitish cords made up of fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted

A

Nerves

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6
Q

Muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system

A

Heart

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7
Q

Colorless, watery fluid derived from blood plasma as a result of filtration through the capillary walls into the tissue spaces

A

Lymph

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8
Q

Elimination from the body

A

Defecation

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9
Q

Taking food into the body

A

Ingestion

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10
Q

This carries the oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again

A

Systemic circulation

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11
Q

These release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream

A

Endocrine glands

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12
Q

This sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated

A

Pulmonary circulation

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13
Q

Automatic nerve reaction to a stimulus

A

Reflex

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14
Q

Flat, thin bone that forms part of the nasal septum

A

Vomer

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15
Q

Forms the bridge of the nose

A

Nasal

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16
Q

Thin layer of spongy bone on the outer wall of the nasal depression

A

Turbinal

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17
Q

Forms the prominence of the cheeks

A

Zygomatic

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18
Q

Forms the upper jaw

A

Maxillary

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19
Q

Forms the hard palate of the mouth

A

Palatine

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20
Q

Large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

A

Deltoid

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21
Q

Muscle of the chest that assists the swinging movements of the arm

A

Pectoralis major

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22
Q

Muscle that draws a body part inward towards the median axis of the body or of an extremity

A

Adductor

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23
Q

Muscle that covers the back of the neck, shoulders, and upper and middle region of the back, which shrugs the shoulders and stabilizes the scapula

A

Trapezius

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24
Q

Muscle of the chest that assists in breathing and in raising the arm

A

Serratus anterior

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25
Q

Large, flat, triangular muscle that covers the lower back

A

Latissimus dorsi

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26
Q

Muscle that draws a body part away from the midline of the body or of an extremity

A

Abductor

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27
Q

Uniform mixture of two or more substances

A

Solution

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28
Q

Combination of two or more substances that are united physically, in any proportions with combined properties

A

Physical mixture

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29
Q

These have neither a definite size nor a definite shape

A

Gases

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30
Q

Unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances

A

Suspension

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31
Q

Chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

A

Redox reaction

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32
Q

Droplets of water dispersed in an oil

A

Water-in-oil emulsion

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33
Q

These have a definite size but not a definite shape

A

Liquids

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34
Q

Substances with a pH below 7.0

A

Acids

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35
Q

These are used to emulsify oil and water

A

Surfactants

36
Q

Characteristics that can be determined only with a chemical reaction and that cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance

A

Chemical properties

37
Q

Droplets of oil dispersed in water with the aid of an emulsifying agent

A

Oil-in-water emulsion

38
Q

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance

A

Physical properties

39
Q

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light

A

Combustion

40
Q

These have a definite size and a definite shape

A

Solids

41
Q

Also known as bases; have a pH above 7.0

A

Alkalis

42
Q

Rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction

A

Alternating current (AC)

43
Q

Flow of electricity along a conductor in a complete circuit

A

Electric current

44
Q

Process of infusing a negative (alkaline) product into the skin

A

Anaphoresis

45
Q

Positive electrode

A

Anode

46
Q

This supplies current to the circuit

A

Live connection

47
Q

Application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal

A

Light therapy

48
Q

Any material that easily conducts electricity

A

Conductor

49
Q

This indicates the negative or positive pole of an electric current

A

Polarity

50
Q

This completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground

A

Ground connection

51
Q

Constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only

A

Direct current (DC)

52
Q

Extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s own natural electrical impulses

A

Microcurrent

53
Q

Negative electrode

A

Cathode

54
Q

Substance that does not conduct electricity

A

Insulator

55
Q

Electrical facial treatments

A

Electrotherapy

56
Q

Process of infusing a positive (acid) product into the skin

A

Cataphoresis

57
Q

Substance that provides energy to cells and converts oxygen to carbon dioxide

A

Adenosine triphosphate

58
Q

Organic acids that form the building blocks of protein

A

Amino acids

59
Q

These break down the basic chemical sugars that supply energy for the body

A

Carbohydrates

60
Q

Condition in which blood glucose or blood sugar drops too low

A

Hypoglycemia

61
Q

Essential trace minerals and vitamins that we need for proper body functions

A

Micronutrients

62
Q

Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good water binders

A

Mucopolysaccharides

63
Q

These can be synthesized by the body and do not have to be in our diet

A

Nonessential amino acids

64
Q

Water-binding substances found between the fibers of the dermis

A

Glycosaminoglycans

65
Q

Combination of two incomplete protein that, together, provide all the essential amino acids and make a complete protein

A

Complementary foods

66
Q

The three basic food groups that make up the largest part of the nutrition we eat

A

Macronutrients

67
Q

These are used to make important hormones and maintain the lipid barrier of the skin

A

Omega-6 fatty acids

68
Q

Waxy substance needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, and bile

A

Cholesterol

69
Q

Biological catalysts made of protein and vitamins

A

Enzymes

70
Q

Carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit

A

Monosaccharides

71
Q

Macronutrients used to produce energy in the body

A

Fats

72
Q

Chains of amino acid molecules used in all cell functions and body growth

A

Proteins

73
Q

Good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases by reducing artiosclerosis

A

Omega-3 fatty acids

74
Q

Carbohydrates made up of two simple sugars such as lactose and sucrose

A

Disaccharides

75
Q

Measure of heat units

A

Calorie

76
Q

Carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules

A

Polysaccharides

77
Q

Sometimes referred to as vitamin P, this is considered an aid to healthy skin and is found most abundantly in citrus fruits

A

Bioflavonoid

78
Q

Vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging

A

Retinoic acid

79
Q

Antioxidant that aids in the functioning and repair of skin cells

A

Vitamin A

80
Q

Inorganic materials required for many reactions of the cells and body

A

Minerals

81
Q

This can be synthesized from cholesterol when the body is exposed to sunlight

A

Vitamin D

82
Q

Indicates that a vitamin has been added to a food product

A

Fortified

83
Q

Tocopherol; helps protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun’s rays

A

Vitamin E

84
Q

Ascorbic acid; and antioxidant needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues

A

Vitamin C

85
Q

Water-soluble vitamins that interact with other water-soluble vitamins and act as coenzymes by facilitating enzymatic reactions

A

B vitamins

86
Q

Vitamin responsible for the synthesis of factors necessary for blood coagulation

A

Vitamin K

Esthetics (5 decks)

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