Week 3 Respiratory Tract Infections ✅ Flashcards
What is the shape of mycoplasma and why?
No shape as no cell wall
What are examples of secondary invaders?
Strep pyogenes
Strep pneumoniae
What are examples of professional invaders?
Influenza (Strep pyogenes/strep pneuomiae)
TB
Bordetella pertussis
Rhinovirus
How are viruses normally diagnosed?
Clinical presentation
What kind of drugs can treat viruses?
Antiherpetic
Antiretroviral
What is nasopharyngitis?
Rhinitis + pharyngitis + fever
What viruses cause the common cold?
Rhinovirus
Coronavirus
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Why is rhinovirus not systemic?
Replication 33’c
What can cause pharyngitis/tonsilitis?
Common cold virus
Coxsackie virus A (herpangia)
EBV
HSV
Strep pyogenes
Neisseria gonorrhoea
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
What type of bacteria is streptococcus?
Gram positive ovococci - chains of pearls
What is group A strep?
Strep pyogenes
Why must Strep A be treated ASAP?
Can return as rheumatic fever
What is group B strep?
Strep agalactiae
What is EBV?
Epstein-Barr Virus
What are the symptoms of EBV?
Soft palate petechiae, exhaustion, jaundice, entire neck swollen
What is a complication of EBV?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
What are the usual causes of pneumonia in children vs adults?
Children - virus
Adults - bacteria
What are risk factors for pneumonia?
Age
Influenza primary infection which leads to secondary bacterial pneumonia
What is a screening tool for hospitalisation for pneumonia?
CRB65
How can pneumonia be diagnosed?
CPR
Sputum macro, micro, culture and sensitivity
CXR
PCR
Urine antigen test for pneumococcus legionella
Fluid sampling from lung
(HAP)
What diseases can cross lung fissures?
TB
Fungal diseases
What are the most common bacteria to cause pneumonia?
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
What are atypical bacterial causes of pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumonphilia
S aurus
Which viruses can cause pneumonia?
RSV
Influenza
Mumps
ZVZ
Which fungi can cause pneumonia?
Candida, Toxoplasma
Which pathogens grow so slowly they can evade the immune system?
TB
Syphillis
Which is more aggressive, CAP or HAP?
CAP because HAP affects immunocompromised patients
What is another name for orthomyxovirus?
Influenza
How does influenza affect host cells?
Hemagglutinin binds to sialic acid on host cells
Neuraminidase from virus destroys sailic acid
What is an example of a neuraminidase inhibitor?
Zanamivir
What is an example of genetic shuffling?
Influenza A antigenic shift to new influenza A subtype
What is an example of random mutation?
Antigenic shift of Influenza A to different strains
What usually causes bronchitis?
Viruses
